Table 4.

Adjusted Outcomes of Patients Across Quartiles of Observed Early Switch Rate; OR 95% Confidence Interval

	Hospital Rate of Early Switching
	<3% (N = 94 063)	≥3% and <5% (N = 100 632)	≥5% and <8% (N = 99 028)	≥8% and <47% (N = 80 559)
Hospitalization Outcome	Base Category		Odds Ratio
14-day in-hospital case fatality	N/A	1.01 (.89–1.13)	0.96 (.85–1.08)	1.08 (.96–1.23)
Late intensive care unit admission (hospital day 3+)	N/A	1.08 (.96–1.22)	0.99 (.88–1.12)	1.04 (.91–1.18)
Late invasive mechanical ventilation initiation (hospital day 3+)	N/A	1.06 (.90–1.24)	1.03 (.88–1.20)	0.99 (.84–1.17)
Late vasopressor initiation (hospital day 3+)	N/A	0.97 (.83–1.14)	0.98 (.84–1.15)	0.80 (.68–.95)
Clostridium difficile infection	N/A	0.96 (.69–1.35)	0.84 (.60–1.18)	0.92 (.64–1.31)
			Ratio of means
Total duration of intravenous antibiotic treatment	N/A	0.94 (.92–.96) P < .0001	0.90 (.88–.92) P < .0001	0.80 (.78–.82) P < .0001
Total duration of antibiotic treatment, Median	N/A	0.97 (.95–.99) P = .0052	0.95 (.93–.97) P < .0001	0.91 (.89–0.93) P < .0001
Length of stay	N/A	0.98 (.95–1.003 P = .0955	0.96 (.94–.99) P = .0031	0.93 (.90–.95) P < .0001
Costa	N/A	0.95 (.83–1.08) P = .4348	0.93 (.81–1.06) P = .2676	0.93 (.81–1.07) P = .3051

Abbreviation: N/A, Not Applicable.

^aInflation adjusted to 2015 annual costs by using the medical care component of the consumer price index