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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 27.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomed Inform. 2023 Jun 1;143:104405. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104405

Table 7:

Ablation study: Results of the ablation study on the sentence classification level.

Ignorance Category Model testing F1 score testing support
ALL CATEGORIES BINARY BERT 0.33 2005
answered question BERT 0.47 168
explicit inquiry BERT/BioBERT 0.35 92
unknown/novel BERT/BioBERT 0.25 63
incompletely understood BERT 0.27 225
indefinite relationship BERT 0.52 1072
largely understood BERT 0.49 312
anomalous/curious BERT 0.58 149
alternative/controversy BERT 0.23 441
difficult task BERT 0.35 93
problem/complication BioBERT 0.43 202
future work BioBERT 0.61 195
future prediction BERT 0.22 55
important consideration BERT/BioBERT 0.46 491