Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| With Tracheostomy (n=39) | Without Tracheostomy (n=675) | p-value*˄ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean years (SD) | 43.0 (17.2) | 46.6 (16.0) | 0.12 | |
| Sex, % (n) | 0.185 | |||
| Male | 79.5 (31) | 69.5 (469) | ||
| Race, % (n) | ||||
| White | 84.2 (32) | 82.2 (537) | 0.857 | |
| Black/African American | 7.9 (3) | 10.0 (65) | ||
| Asian | -- | 2.1 (14) | ||
| Other | 7.9 (3) | 5.7 (4) | ||
| Ethnicity, % (n) | ||||
| Hispanic | 26.3 (10) | 15.1 (96) | 0.064 | |
| Non-Hispanic | 73.7 (28) | 84.9 (541) | ||
| Race/Ethnicity, % (n) | ||||
| White, Non-Hispanic | 61.5 (24) | 69.8 (457) | 0.325 | |
| Black, Non-Hispanic | 7.7 (3) | 9.8 (64) | ||
| Hispanic | 23.1 (9) | 12.7 (83) | ||
| Other | 7.7 (3) | 7.8 (51) | ||
| Highest level of education, % (n) | ||||
| Less than high school | 33.3 (13) | 20.2 (116) | 0.936 | |
| High school diploma/GED | 48.7 (19) | 50.5 (290 | ||
| Associate degree | 7.7 (3) | 8.5 (49) | ||
| BA/BS or higher | 10.3 (4) | 20.7 (119) | ||
| Pre-injury employment status, % (n) | ||||
| Working | 68.4 (26) | 66.5 (395) | 0.183 | |
| Not Working | 21.1 (8) | 20.2 (120) | ||
| Retired | 10.5 (4) | 13.3 (79) | ||
| Pre-injury physical impairment, % (n) | 0.480 | |||
| Yes | 15.4 (6) | 20.0 (113) | ||
| Primary etiology of injury, % (n) | ||||
| Fire/flame | 89.7 (35) | 53.4 (360) | <0.001 ** | |
| Electricity | 2.6 (1) | 5.3 (36) | ||
| Flash | 2.6 (1) | 2.8 (19) | ||
| Scald | 2.6 (1) | 14.5 (98) | ||
| Other | 2.6 (1) | 0.3 (2) | ||
| Chemical | -- | 2.7 (18) | ||
| Contact with hot object | -- | 7.0 (47) | ||
| Grease | -- | 12.9 (87) | ||
| Tar | -- | 0.9 (6) | ||
| UV light | -- | 0.2 (1) | ||
| Employment-related injury, % (n) | 0.02 | |||
| Yes | 5.1 (2) | 20.5 (137) | ||
| Inhalation injury, % (n) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 69.2 (27) | 8.0 (54) | ||
| TBSA burned, mean % (SD) | 49.7 (22.1) | 14.2 (15.4) | <0.001 | |
| Number of trips to the OR, mean (SD) | 10.7 (7.3) | 2.3 (2.4) | <0.001 | |
| Days on ventilator, mean (SD) | 37.4 (26.9) | 1.6 (4.6) | <0.001 | |
| Length of stay, mean days (SD) | 97.9 (69.4) | 21.2 (20.4) | <0.001 | |
*
Non-parametric t-tests used for continuous variables (Wilcoxon Mann Whitney), Chi-2 or Fisher’s exact (when an n was less than 5) tests used for categorical variables
**
Fire/flame versus other tested
˄
Bonferroni’s adjustment applied to account for multiple tests. New significant level of 0.002 applied, significant values represented with italics