Table 4.
Health hazard index for pesticide residues in kumquat fruits.
| Pesticide |
ADI (mg·kg−1 bw) |
NEDI (mg·kg−1 bw) | %ADI | ARfD (mg·kg−1 bw) |
IESTI (mg·kg−1 bw) | %ARfD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen Pop, >1 yrs |
Children, 1–6 yrs |
Gen Pop, >1 yrs | Children, 1–6 yrs |
Gen Pop, >1 yrs | Children, 1–6 yrs |
Gen Pop, >1 yrs |
Children, 1–6 yrs |
|||
| Chlorpyrifos | 0.01 | 1.26 × 10−6 | 4.15 × 10−6 | 0.0126 | 0.0415 | 0.1 | 7.67 × 10−4 | 7.16 × 10−4 | 0.77 | 0.72 |
| Malathion | 0.3 | 1.24 × 10−6 | 4.10 × 10−6 | 0.0004 | 0.0014 | 2 | 9.37 × 10−4 | 8.76 × 10−4 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| Triazophos | 0.001 | 1.36 × 10−6 | 4.49 × 10−6 | 0.1362 | 0.4493 | 0.001 | 2.28 × 10−3 | 2.13 × 10−3 | 227.92 | 212.98 |
| Profenofos | 0.03 | 2.11 × 10−6 | 6.96 × 10−6 | 0.0070 | 0.0232 | 1 | 4.74 × 10−3 | 4.43 × 10−3 | 0.47 | 0.44 |
| Methidathion | 0.001 | 1.79 × 10−6 | 5.91 × 10−6 | 0.1791 | 0.5908 | 0.01 | 9.46 × 10−4 | 8.84 × 10−4 | 9.46 | 8.84 |
| Triadimefon | 0.03 | 6.96 × 10−6 | 2.30 × 10−5 | 0.0232 | 0.0765 | 0.08 | 1.39 × 10−3 | 1.30 × 10−3 | 1.74 | 1.62 |
| Cypermethrin | 0.02 | 8.83 × 10−7 | 2.91 × 10−6 | 0.0044 | 0.0146 | 0.04 | 6.16 × 10−4 | 5.76 × 10−4 | 1.54 | 1.44 |
| Fenvalerate | 0.02 | 6.17 × 10−7 | 2.03 × 10−6 | 0.0031 | 0.0102 | - | 4.13 × 10−4 | 3.86 × 10−4 | - | - |
| Bifenthrin | 0.01 | 1.37 × 10−6 | 4.51 × 10−6 | 0.0137 | 0.0451 | - | 7.30 × 10−4 | 6.83 × 10−4 | - | - |
| Cyhalothrin | 0.02 | 1.29 × 10−6 | 4.24 × 10−6 | 0.0064 | 0.0212 | 0.02 | 4.18 × 10−4 | 3.90 × 10−4 | 2.09 | 1.95 |
| Fenpermethrin | 0.03 | 2.38 × 10−6 | 7.86 × 10−6 | 0.0079 | 0.0262 | - | 1.07 × 10−3 | 9.99 × 10−4 | - | - |
| Propargite | 0.01 | 1.47 × 10−6 | 4.83 × 10−6 | 0.0147 | 0.0483 | - | 5.07 × 10−3 | 4.74 × 10−3 | - | - |
| Pyridaben | 0.01 | 8.34 × 10−7 | 2.75 × 10−6 | 0.0083 | 0.0275 | - | 7.49 × 10−4 | 6.99 × 10−4 | - | - |
| Difenoconazole | 0.01 | 1.78 × 10−6 | 5.87 × 10−6 | 0.0178 | 0.0587 | 0.3 | 2.46 × 10−3 | 2.30 × 10−3 | 0.82 | 0.77 |
| Fenpyroximate | 0.01 | 2.57 × 10−6 | 8.47 × 10−6 | 0.0257 | 0.0847 | 0.02 | 5.77 × 10−4 | 5.39 × 10−4 | 2.89 | 2.70 |
| Hexythiazox | 0.03 | 6.33 × 10−7 | 2.09 × 10−6 | 0.0021 | 0.0070 | - | 1.25 × 10−4 | 1.16 × 10−4 | - | - |
| Buprofezin | 0.009 | 1.19 × 10−6 | 3.92 × 10−6 | 0.0132 | 0.0436 | 0.5 | 1.21 × 10−3 | 1.13 × 10−3 | 0.24 | 0.23 |
| Tebuconazole | 0.03 | 1.82 × 10−6 | 5.99 × 10−6 | 0.0061 | 0.0200 | - | 1.28 × 10−3 | 1.20 × 10−3 | - | - |
| Acetamiprid | 0.07 | 9.43 × 10−7 | 3.11 × 10−6 | 0.0013 | 0.0044 | - | 4.38 × 10−4 | 4.09 × 10−4 | - | - |
| Carbendazim | 0.03 | 1.35 × 10−6 | 4.44 × 10−6 | 0.0045 | 0.0148 | 0.5 | 1.50 × 10−3 | 1.40 × 10−3 | 0.30 | - |
| Imidacloprid | 0.06 | 1.01 × 10−6 | 3.35 × 10−6 | 0.0017 | 0.0056 | 0.4 | 9.53 × 10−4 | 8.91 × 10−4 | 0.24 | 0.22 |
| Thiophanate-methyl | 0.09 | 3.12 × 10−6 | 1.03 × 10−5 | 0.0035 | 0.0114 | - | 3.37 × 10−3 | 3.15 × 10−3 | - | - |
| Spirodiclofen | 0.01 | 1.58 × 10−6 | 5.20 × 10−6 | 0.0158 | 0.0520 | - | 1.25 × 10−3 | 1.17 × 10−3 | - | - |
| Prochloraz | 0.01 | 2.27 × 10−6 | 7.48 × 10−6 | 0.0227 | 0.0748 | 0.1 | 2.49 × 10−3 | 2.32 × 10−3 | 2.49 | 2.32 |
| Azoxystrobin | 0.2 | 2.36 × 10−6 | 7.80 × 10−6 | 0.0012 | 0.0039 | - | 1.69 × 10−3 | 1.58 × 10−3 | - | - |
| 2,4-D | 0.01 | 9.91 × 10−7 | 3.27 × 10−6 | 0.0099 | 0.0327 | - | 2.17 × 10−4 | 2.03 × 10−4 | - | - |
| Carbofuran | 0.001 | 4.79 × 10−7 | 1.58 × 10−6 | 0.0479 | 0.1579 | 0.001 | 3.31 × 10−5 | 3.10 × 10−5 | 3.31 | 3.10 |
| Carbosulfan | 0.01 | 7.88 × 10−7 | 2.60 × 10−6 | 0.0079 | 0.0260 | 0.02 | 9.33 × 10−5 | 8.72 × 10−5 | 0.47 | 0.44 |
| Avermectin | 0.001 | 1.56 × 10−6 | 5.16 × 10−6 | 0.1564 | 0.5157 | - | 2.99 × 10−4 | 2.79 × 10−4 | - | - |
| Paclobutrazol | 0.1 | 2.37 × 10−6 | 7.82 × 10−6 | 0.0024 | 0.0078 | 0.05 | 2.62 × 10−4 | 2.45 × 10−4 | 0.52 | 0.49 |
Gen pop: General population.