. 2023 Sep 6;12(18):3340. doi: 10.3390/foods12183340

Table 2.

Evaluation of heavy metals in milk and dairy products.

Analyzed Product	Country	Identified Heavy Metal	Concentrations	Year	References
Raw cow milk	Egypt	Hg²⁺	0.0014 mg/kg	2023	[68]
		As³⁺	0.012 mg/kg
		Pb²⁺	0.1016 mg/kg
		Cd²⁺	0.07 mg/kg
		Cr²⁺	0.1044 mg/kg
		Cu²⁺	0.0656 mg/kg
Milk and dairy products	Egypt	Pb²⁺	0.044–0.751 ppm	2014	[69]
		Cd²⁺	0.008–0.179 mg/kg
		Zn²⁺	0.888–18.316 mg/kg
		Cu²⁺	0.002–1.692 mg/kg
Milk	Monte Carlo	Pb²⁺	0.55 mg/kg	2023	[73]
Milk	Monte Carlo	Cd²⁺	0.003 mg/kg	2023	[73]
Raw cow milk	Turkey	Pb²⁺	16.7 μg/kg	2012	[70]
		Cd²⁺	0.53 μg/kg
		Hg²⁺	0.18 μg/kg
		As³⁺	4.02 μg/kg
Milk	Turkey	As³⁺	1.01 μg/kg	2023	[61]
		Al²⁺	71.89 μg/kg
		Ni²⁺	98.53 μg/kg
		Cd²⁺	nd
		Pb²⁺	0.85 μg/kg
Full fat UHT milk	Cyprus	As³⁺	2.33 μg/kg	2021	[62]
		Cd²⁺	5.00 μg/kg
		Pb²⁺	2.66 μg/kg
		Hg²⁺	3.66 μg/kg
Halloumi cheese		As³⁺	12.33 μg/kg
		Cd²⁺	44.33 μg/kg
		Pb²⁺	35.33 μg/kg
		Cu²⁺	591.33 μg/kg
		Hg²⁺	15.00 μg/kg
Full-fat yogurt		As³⁺	6.00 μg/kg
		Cd²⁺	36.33 μg/kg
		Pb²⁺	3.00 μg/kg
		Cu²⁺	15.66 μg/kg
		Hg²⁺	6.00 μg/kg
Cream with a minimum of 10% milk fat	Republic of Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina	As³⁺	0.019 mg/kg	2023	[52]
Cream with over 70% milk fat		As³⁺	0.029 mg/kg
Cheese		As³⁺	0.012–0.015 mg/kg
Milk	Tanzania	Pb²⁺	0.263 mg/kg	2023	[74]
		Cd²⁺	nd
		Co²⁺	0.020 mg/kg
Sheep and goart milk	Italy	As³⁺	nd	2020	[75]
		Cd²⁺	nd
		Hg²⁺	nd
		Ni²⁺	nd
		Pb²⁺	0.002 μg/g
		Zn²⁺	2.77 μg/g