. 2023 Sep 6;12(18):3340. doi: 10.3390/foods12183340

Table 5.

Heavy metals in wine and beer.

Analyzed Product	Country	Identified Heavy Metal	Concentrations	Year	References
Beer	Ethiopia	Cu²⁺	0.0368 mg/L	2022	[2]
		Cd²⁺	0.0014 mg/L
		Mn²⁺	0.0954 mg/L
		Pb²⁺	0.006 mg/L
		Zn²⁺	1.5206 mg/L
	Italy	Cd²⁺	nd–0.00058 mg/L	2008	[108]
	Italy	Pb²⁺	nd–0.0133 mg/L	2008	[108]
	Brazil	Cd²⁺	nd–0.0143 mg/L	2003	[109]
		Pb²⁺	0.013–0.0329 mg/L	2005	[110]
		Zn²⁺	0.0527–0.226 mg/L	2005	[110]
Sparkling wines—Muscat Ottonel	Romania	Mn²⁺	668.84–712.17 µg/L	2017	[103]
		Zn²⁺	216.3–387.4 µg/L
		Fe²⁺	1214.7–1704.2 µg/L
		Cu²⁺	111.3–188.1 µg/L
		Ni²⁺	128.11–169.14 µg/L
		Pb²⁺	2.46–631.9 µg/L
White low-alcoholic wine—Muscat Ottonel	Romania	Zn²⁺	2.0–320.1 µg/L	2017	[104]
		Fe²⁺	404.5–1401.5 µg/L
		Cu²⁺	107.1–726.6 µg/L
		Mn²⁺	276.2–857.3 µg/L
		Ni²⁺	58.3–736.2 µg/L
		Pb²⁺	66.7–574.5 µg/L
White wine	Croatia	V²⁺	1 µg/L	2008	[58]
		Cr²⁺	3 µg/L
		Mn²⁺	5 µg/L
		Fe²⁺	61 µg/L
		Ni²⁺	6 µg/L
		Cu²⁺	6 µg/L
		Zn²⁺	59 µg/L
		As³⁺	nd
		Pb²⁺	30 µg/L