Table 1:
Demographic characteristics of participants in the 2013–2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) with self-reported diabetes mellitus stratified by self-reported eye care utilization in the preceding 12 months.
| Overall | No eye care utilization | Eye care utilization | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (Weighted %) | N (Weighted %) | N (Weighted %) | ||
| Sample (N) | 20807 | 8762 | 12045 | |
| Weighted sample, (weighted %) | 27467169 (100) | 11755196 (43) | 15711973 (57) | |
| Age category | <0.001 | |||
| 18 to 44 | 2469 (14) | 1450 (20) | 1019 (10) | |
| 45 to 64 | 8466 (45) | 3910 (48) | 4556 (43) | |
| 65 and older | 9872 (41) | 3402 (32) | 6470 (47) | |
| Sex | 0.650 | |||
| Male | 9679 (51) | 4113 (51) | 5566 (50) | |
| Female | 11128 (49) | 4649 (49) | 6479 (50) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 12466 (64) | 4877 (60) | 7589 (67) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3707 (16) | 1663 (16) | 2044 (15) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 585 (5) | 217 (3) | 368 (4) | |
| Hispanic | 3181 (17) | 1612 (21) | 1569 (14) | |
| Region | <0.001 | |||
| Northeast | 3364 (17) | 1245 (15) | 2119 (19) | |
| Midwest | 4356 (22) | 1693 (21) | 2663 (23) | |
| South | 8148 (40) | 3658 (41) | 4490 (38) | |
| West | 4939 (21) | 2166 (23) | 2773 (20) | |
| Comorbidities | <0.001 | |||
| CCI = 1 | 11393 (58) | 5170 (62) | 6223 (54) | |
| CCI ≥ 2 | 9414 (42) | 3592 (38) | 5822 (46) | |
| Vision impairment | <0.001 | |||
| No | 16556 (81) | 7119 (83) | 9437 (79) | |
| Yes | 4245 (19) | 1639 (17) | 2606 (21) | |
| Survey Year | 0.004 | |||
| 2013 | 4143 (19) | 1851 (19) | 2292 (18) | |
| 2014 | 4458 (19) | 1995 (20) | 2463 (18) | |
| 2015 | 4196 (19) | 1797 (20) | 2399 (19) | |
| 2016 | 4407 (21) | 1699 (20) | 2708 (22) | |
| 2017 | 3603 (22) | 1420 (21) | 2183 (23) |
Abbreviations: CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index