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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 13.
Published in final edited form as: J Chromatogr A. 2023 Jul 14;1706:464207. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464207

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Visualization of the waveform profiles evaluated. The orange portion of each waveform represents control conditions. The “ static” approach is representative of a typical TW in which all species arrive at the detector under identical conditions. The “dual” waveform was theorized as an approach that could enable the optimum transmission of one species before switching to the conditions that provide the idealized transmission of another species. Lastly, the “ramp” waveform modulates TW speed or amplitude at a fixed rate during separation and was hypothesized as a middle-ground for the transmission of disparate species.