Table 2.
Percentage of failures in clinical functions assessed for each of the groups classified by the BHK test.
| Functions | Whole HD Group (n = 27) | HD Not Detected by BHK Scale (n = 7) | Moderate HD on BHK (n = 9) | Dysgraphia on BHK (n = 11) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TONE DISORDER (NP-MOT) | 74 | 71 | 78 | 73 | 0.95 |
| Heel–ear angle reduction | 59 | 71 | 56 | 55 | 0.76 |
| AFFIRMATION OF TONIC LATERALITY (NP-MOT) | 67 | 43 | 67 | 82 | 0.24 |
| VISUAL MEMORY (REY, NEPSY-II) | 63 | 43 | 78 | 64 | 0.86 |
| HAND-EYE COORDINATION (NP-MOT, MABC-2) | 56 | 43 | 67 | 55 | 0.64 |
| MANUAL DEXTERITY (NP-MOT, MABC-2) | 56 | 43 | 67 | 55 | 0.64 |
| Graphic visual-spatial coordination | 78 | 71 | 78 | 82 | 0.88 |
| One-hand coordination | 37 | 29 | 33 | 45 | 0.75 |
| Bimanual coordination | 30 | 14 | 44 | 27 | 0.43 |
| PERCEPTUAL VISUAL-MOTOR SKILLS | 52 | 14 | 67 | 64 | 0.076 |
| Codes test (WISC-IV) | 41 | 14 | 44 | 55 | 0.24 |
| Copying figures (VMI) | 22 | 0 | 22 | 36 | 0.21 |
| Symbols test (WISC-IV) | 15 | 0 | 11 | 27 | 0.28 |
| Visual-spatial organization (Rey) | 7 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 0.69 |
| KINESTHETIC MEMORY | 52 | 29 | 67 | 55 | 0.32 |
| OCULOMOTRICITY | 44 | 29 | 44 | 55 | 0.26 |
| Smooth pursuits | 37 | 14 | 33 | 55 | 0.16 |
| Saccadic eye movements | 26 | 29 | 11 | 36 | 0.25 |
| Fixation | 19 | 0 | 33 | 18 | 0.22 |
| VISUAL-PERCEPTUAL SKILLS | 44 | 14 | 33 | 73 | 0.016 * |
| Visual gnosis | 26 | 14 | 33 | 27 | 0.69 |
| Perceptual (VMI) | 19 | 0 | 22 | 27 | 0.34 |
| Mishmash of lines | 15 | 0 | 11 | 27 | 0.28 |
| Pattern recognition | 15 | 0 | 22 | 18 | 0.44 |
| Positions in space (Frostig) | 7 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0.22 |
| EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS | 41 | 29 | 33 | 55 | 0.49 |
| Planning | 26 | 29 | 22 | 27 | 0.95 |
| Categorization (Nepsy-II) | 15 | 14 | 0 | 27 | 0.25 |
| Inhibition (Laby 5–12, Stroop) | 7 | 14 | 11 | 0 | 0.48 |
| Verbal fluency (Nepsy-II) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0.48 |
| AUDITORY-ATTENTIONAL SKILLS (TEA-CH) | 41 | 29 | 33 | 55 | 0.49 |
| VISUAL-ATTENTIONAL SKILLS (TEA-CH) | 41 | 43 | 56 | 27 | 0.45 |
| LOW ENERGY (MDI-C) | 41 | 43 | 44 | 36 | 0.93 |
| SOCIAL INTROVERSION (MDI-C) | 37 | 14 | 22 | 64 | 0.06 |
| COORDINATION BETWEEN UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS (NP-MOT) | 37 | 43 | 33 | 36 | 0.93 |
| DYNAMIC BALANCE COORDINATION (NP-MOT) | 37 | 43 | 33 | 36 | 0.93 |
| STATIC BALANCE (NP-MOT) | 37 | 29 | 11 | 64 | 0.052 |
| AIM AND CATCH (MABC-2) | 37 | 14 | 22 | 64 | 0.06 |
| READING (ODEDYS) | 33 | 43 | 33 | 27 | 0.80 |
| TIME TRACKING (NP-MOT) | 33 | 0 | 33 | 55 | 0.06 |
|
BODILY SPATIAL INTEGRATION
(NP-MOT) |
33 | 0 | 67 | 27 | 0.019 * |
| BIMANUAL PRAXIS(NP-MOT) | 33 | 0 | 44 | 45 | 0.10 |
| DIVIDED ATTENTION SKILLS (TEA-CH) | 30 | 29 | 22 | 36 | 0.79 |
| AFFIRMATION OF MANUAL LATERALITY (NP-MOT) | 30 | 0 | 56 | 27 | 0.053 |
|
NEUROLOGICAL SOFT SIGNS
(NP-MOT) |
30 | 0 | 33 | 45 | 0.12 |
| IMITATION OF FINGER GESTURES (EMG) | 26 | 14 | 22 | 36 | 0.57 |
| BALANCE (MABC-2) | 26 | 0 | 11 | 55 | 0.016 * |
| DRESSING PRAXIS | 22 | 14 | 11 | 36 | 0.35 |
| ANXIETY (MDI-C) | 22 | 14 | 33 | 18 | 0.62 |
| FEELING OF HELPLESSNESS (MDI-C) | 22 | 14 | 11 | 36 | 0.35 |
| DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDI-C) | 19 | 14 | 22 | 18 | 0.92 |
| WORKING MEMORY (ODEDYS) | 19 | 14 | 22 | 18 | 0.92 |
| USUAL DISCORDANT LATERALITY (NP-MOT) | 19 | 0 | 33 | 18 | 0.25 |
| AUDITORY MEMORY(ODEDYS) | 15 | 0 | 11 | 27 | 0.28 |
| VISUAL-CONSTRUCTIVE SKILLS | 15 | 0 | 11 | 27 | 0.28 |
| 3D constructions (Nepsy-II) | 7 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0.22 |
| 2D constructions (Kohs) | 7 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 0.69 |
| DIGITAL GNOSIS (NP-MOT) | 15 | 0 | 22 | 18 | 0.44 |
| ORAL-FACIAL PRAXIS | 15 | 0 | 11 | 27 | 0.29 |
| SAD MOOD(MDI-C) | 15 | 29 | 22 | 0 | 0.20 |
| PESSIMISM (MDI-C) | 15 | 43 | 11 | 0 | 0.046 * |
| BODY IMAGE(CORP-R) | 11 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 0.09 |
| RHYTHMIC ADAPTATION (NP-MOT) | 11 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 0.09 |
| DIGITAL PRAXIS (NP-MOT) | 11 | 0 | 11 | 18 | 0.50 |
| SPASTICITY (NP-MOT) | 11 | 0 | 22 | 9 | 0.37 |
| DISCORDANT TONIC LATERALITY (NP-MOT) | 7 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 0.69 |
|
VISUAL-SPATIAL PERCEPTION
(NEPSY-II) |
7 | 14 | 11 | 0 | 0.48 |
| DISTRUST (MDI-C) | 7 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 0.69 |
| IMITATION OF HAND GESTURES (EMG) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0.48 |
| SELF-ESTEEM (MDI-C) | 4 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0.24 |
| NON-SYMBOLIC ORGANIZATION OF THE GESTURE (NP-MOT) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | na |
Levels of signification: * p < 0.05.