Figure 4. Mechanisms Mediating 5α-reduced neurosteroids on affective tone.
Illustration depicting the mechanisms highlighted in this review whereby 5α-reduced neurosteroids may impact affective tone. Abbreviations: Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated facto- 6(TRAF-6), protein kinase A(PKA), phosphorylated cyclic-AMP response element binding protein(pCREB), transforming growth factor-b-activated kinase-1(TAK1), nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kβ), phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B(pNF-kβ), mitogen-activate protein kinases(MAPKs), activator protein-1(AP-1), phospholipase C(PLC), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate(PIP2), diacylglycerol(DAG), inositol triphosphate(IP3), Calcium(Ca2+), Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER).