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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Jul 25;152:105327. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105327

Figure 4. Mechanisms Mediating 5α-reduced neurosteroids on affective tone.

Figure 4.

Illustration depicting the mechanisms highlighted in this review whereby 5α-reduced neurosteroids may impact affective tone. Abbreviations: Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated facto- 6(TRAF-6), protein kinase A(PKA), phosphorylated cyclic-AMP response element binding protein(pCREB), transforming growth factor-b-activated kinase-1(TAK1), nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kβ), phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B(pNF-kβ), mitogen-activate protein kinases(MAPKs), activator protein-1(AP-1), phospholipase C(PLC), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate(PIP2), diacylglycerol(DAG), inositol triphosphate(IP3), Calcium(Ca2+), Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER).