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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Sep 15;29(18):3717–3728. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-0488

Figure 3. 17β-estradiol therapy induces DNA damage in endocrine-resistant tumors.

Figure 3.

(A) Biopsy samples of advanced ER+ breast tumors were obtained from 2 patients before and 2 wk after treatment with E2. FFPE tumor sections were stained for ER (red), γH2AX (green), and DAPI (blue). γH2AX intensity was quantified in ≥100 nuclei/specimen. Representative exposure-matched image pairs are shown. (B) Ovx mice bearing tumors ~200 mm3 were randomized to treatment ± E2. Tumor volumes were serially measured. Data are shown as mean + SEM, and were analyzed by nonlinear mixed modeling. (C) Tumors (n=3/group) were harvested from ovx mice treated ± E2 for 24 h. FFPE sections were analyzed by IHC. Data are shown as mean ± SD. *p<0.05, ****p<0.0001, n.s. = not significant.