Table 1. Comparison of the characteristics between GDM and OD patients.
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 224) |
GDM (n = 176) |
OD (n = 48) |
P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)a | 33.00 (±7.00) | 33.00 (±7.00) | 31.00 (±10.00) | 0.267 |
| GA at diagnosis (weeks)a | 26.00 (±9.00) | 26.00 (±9.00) | 26.07 (±8.46) | 0.765 |
| GA at first appointment (weeks)a | 32.57 (±6.36) | 32.86 (±6.57) | 32.21 (±6.25) | 0.243 |
| Pre-gestational BMI (kg/m²)a | 28.00 (±7.54) | 27.97 (±7.94) | 28.40 (±6.35) | 0.353 |
| Gestational weight gain (kg)a | 8.15 (±7.40) | 8.00 (±6.80) | 9.30 (±8.70) | 0.445 |
| Need for insulin therapyb | 96 (42.8) | 67 (38.1) | 29 (60.4) | 0.006** |
| Initial dose of insulin IU/kga | 0.23 (±0.39) | 0.17 (±0.25) | 0.53 (±0.56) | <0.001** |
| Final dose of insulin IU/kga | 0.28 (±0.44) | 0.19 (±0.29) | 0.55 (±0.53) | 0.002** |
GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; OD: overt diabetes; GA: gestational age; BMI: body mass index; FGP: fasting plasma glucose; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test.
a
Values expressed as median (± interquartile range).
b
Values expressed as proportion n (%).
*
P-values were based on Mann-Whitney test (skewed continuous variables) or chi-square test (categorical variables).
**
P-value < 0.05. Number of patients who needed insulin therapy and doses of insulin were significantly different through the comparison between GDM and OD groups.