Table 1.

Randomized trials evaluating external beam radiation therapy dose escalation for localized prostate cancer.

Study	Year	Patient’s Number	PCa Characteristics	Dose (Gy)	ADT	bRFS (Phoenix)		Toxicity
PROG/ACR 95-09	2010	196 vs. 197	low (58%), intermediate (37%), and high (4%) risk	79.2 vs. 70.2	-	10-year	82.6% vs. 68.0%	6-month grade ≥ 2 GU toxicity	29% vs. 25%	6-month grade ≥ 2 GI toxicity	24% vs. 13%
GETUG 06	2011	153 vs. 153	intermediate (28.9%), and high (71.1%) risk	80 vs. 70	-	5-year	72% vs. 61%	grade ≥ 2 GU toxicity	17.5% vs. 10%	grade ≥ 2 GI toxicity	19.5% vs. 14%
MRC RT01	2014	422 vs. 421	low (19%), intermediate (37%), and high (43%) risk	74 vs. 64	physician decision	10-year	55% vs. 43%
Dutch CKVO96-10	2014	333 vs. 331	low (17.9%), intermediate (27.0%), and high (55.1%) risk	78 vs. 68	-	10-year	49% vs. 43%
RTOG 0126	2018	748 vs. 751	low or intermediate risk	79.2 vs. 70.2	-	8-year	80% vs. 75%	5-year grade ≥ 2 GU toxicity	12% vs. 7%	5-year grade ≥ 2 GI toxicity	21% vs. 15%
MD Anderson study	2019	151 vs. 150	low (20.6%), intermediate (45.8%), and high (33.6%) risk	78 vs. 70	-	15-year	92.9% vs. 87.7%
FLAME Trial	2021	284 vs. 287	low (1.1%), intermediate (15.1%), and high (83.9%) risk	77 + focal boost vs. 77	physician decision	5-year	92% vs. 85%	late grade ≥ 2 GU toxicity	27.8% vs. 23.0%	late grade ≥ 2 GI toxicity	12.7% vs. 12.2%

PCa, prostate cancer; Gy, gray; ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; bRFS, biochemical relapse-free survival; GU, genitourinary; GI, gastrointestinal.