Table 8.

Randomized trials evaluating particle therapy for localized prostate cancer.

Study	Year	Treatment	Patient’s Number	PCa Characteristics	Treatment Methods	ADT	bRFS (Phoenix)		Toxicity
IPI	2016	Proton and Carbon ion	46 vs. 46	low (23.1%), intermediate (59.3%) and high (17.6%)	Proton vs. Carbon ion	physician decision	8-year	50% vs. 26%	late grade ≥ 2 GU toxicity	21.7% vs. 13.3%	late grade ≥ 2 GI toxicity	8.7% vs. 2.2%

PCa, prostate cancer; Gy, gray; ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; bRFS, biochemical relapse-free survival; GU, genitourinary; GI, gastrointestinal.