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. 2023 May 16;54(5-6):165–174. doi: 10.1159/000530583

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Fig. 1. — a Resting pulsatility index (PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), calculated as (MCA velocity systole – MCA velocity diastole)/(MCA velocity mean) in younger healthy control (orange circles) and early-stage autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD, pink triangles) participants. b Percent change in mean flow velocity of the MCA (MV_MCA) in response to hypercapnia. c Relative cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), calculated as percent change in MV_MCA normalized to absolute change in end-tidal CO₂ in response to hypercapnia. d Percent change in vascular conductance (VC, MV_MCA/mean arterial pressure). e Percent change in relative VC, calculated as percent change in VC normalized to absolute change in end-tidal CO₂ in response to hypercapnia. f Total cerebral blood flow, calculated as right internal carotid blood flow ×2 + right vertebral artery blood flow ×2. Lines represent mean and circles/triangles represent individual participants. *p < 0.05 by an independent-samples t test.