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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Resuscitation. 2023 Aug 9;191:109933. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109933
Unadjusted model Adjusted for patient and arrest characteristics
Risk ratio (95% CI) Risk ratio (95% CI)
Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Calcium given 0.73 (0.64 – 0.83) 0.73 (0.59 – 0.91)
Age 1.00 (0.99 – 1.01)
Sex
 Female --
 Male 1.01 (0.81 – 1.26)
Witnessed status
 Unwitnessed arrest --
 Witnessed arrest 1.25 (1.00 – 1.56)
Initial cardiac rhythm
 Shockable rhythm --
 Not shockable rhythm 1.05 (0.86 – 1.28)
In Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Calcium given 0.75 (0.63 – 0.91) 0.75 (0.53 – 1.08)
Age 1.00 (0.99 – 1.01)
Sex
 Female --
 Male 0.98 (0.67 – 1.43)
Witnessed status
 Unwitnessed arrest --
 Witnessed arrest 1.16 (0.80 – 1.70)
Initial cardiac rhythm
 Shockable rhythm --
 Not shockable rhythm 1.04 (0.73 – 1.49)

Risk ratios are presented as risk of survival to hospital admission for patients receiving calcium compared to those that do not receive calcium. Risk ratios greater than 1 represent a protective association for calcium and risk ratio less than 1 represent a harmful association.