Table 3:

Early Antibiotic Exposure and Hazards of LOI, NEC, and Death during Days 3–7

Outcome	Any antibiotic exposure days 0–2 (n, %)	No antibiotic exposure days 0–2 (n, %)	Hazard ratio [95% CI]	p-value
LOI	1,154 (1.5%)	283 (2.1%)	0.28 [0.24, 0.33]	<0.001
NEC/SIP	1,290 (1.7%)	108 (0.8%)	1.09 [0.87, 1.36]	0.453
Death	1,566 (2.1%)	160 (1.2%)	0.61 [0.51, 0.74]	<0.001
Composite: LOI + death	2,633 (3.5%)	422 (3.2%)	0.42 [0.37, 0.47]	<0.001

Model adjusted for gestational age at birth, SGA status, sex, race, delivery mode, discharge year, presence of chorioamnionitis, presence of prolonged rupture of membranes, need for invasive ventilation days 0–2, need for surfactant days 0–2, receipt of vasopressors day 0–2