Table 2.
Key observations for AI/AN participants in each conceptual contribution
| Author(s) and date | CTN Protocol # | Type of source | Key contributions for AI/AN peoples |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Burlew et al., 2020 | 0018; 0019; 0021; 0033 | Perspective, opinion, or commentary | Limited information is available for community engaged, collaborative, cultural adaptation of effective interventions. A study of substance use among AI/AN communities was one of the earliest efforts within the CTN to consider the role of culture in treatment and the need for community participation. |
| 2. Burlew et al., 2011a | NR | Perspective, opinion, or commentary | A CTN partnership with the Na’nizhoozhi Center, an AI/AN substance use treatment program, exemplified how cultural adaptations and community based participatory research strategies increase efficacy, acceptability, and inclusion of substance use treatment for underrepresented ethnoracial groups within the CTN. |
| 3. Burlew et al., 2011b | 0004; 0006; 0007; 0013; 0014; 0015; 0018; 0020; 0020-A-1; 0029; 0042-S | Perspective, opinion, or commentary | AI/AN studies are used to demonstrate community based participatory research strategies for recruitment, treatment access, retention, measurement, and appropriate analyses related to CTN research among underrepresented ethnoracial groups. |
| 4. Carroll et al., 2007 | NR | Conference proceedings | The CTN is an ideal avenue for research addressing unmet substance use needs among underrepresented ethnoracial groups. For AI/AN groups, this is supported by the Native American Workgroup who advocates for more Indigenous inclusion at all levels; by challenging stigma and addressing historical trauma; and by the CTN partnering with AI/AN Tribes. |
| 5. Perl, 2011 | 0033 | Perspective, opinion, or commentary | To support more resources for implementation science for addiction treatment, three strategies are identified: (1) developing scientific tools to better understand implementation; (2) building an implementation workforce; and (3) including clinicians at the start to have more relevant research. Successful examples include three collaborations between academic partners and AI/AN Tribal entities. |
| 6. Thomas et al., 2011 | 0033 | Perspective, opinion, or commentary | Five partnerships between academic institutions and AI/AN Tribes/organizations that represented community based participatory research observed common themes for addressing barriers and establishing successful partnerships included community driven research; contextualized community knowledge and protocols; destigmatizing and trust building methods; researcher personal responsibility; proper use of Institutional Review Boards; and inclusion of Indigenous researchers and cultural values |
Note. AI/AN = Alaska Native/American Indian; CTN = Clinical Trials Network; NR = Not Reported.