Table 1:
Frequencies of Patient and Hospital Covariates by Trauma Funding Status
|
Trauma Funding Statusa |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Without Trauma Funding (N=99071) |
With Trauma Funding (N=142685) |
p-value | |
|
| |||
| Age (yrs) | 0.0570d | ||
| <18 | 12019 (12.1%) | 15561 (10.9%) | |
| 18–36 | 22689 (22.9%) | 34014 (23.8%) | |
| 37–57 | 22054 (22.3%) | 32025 (22.4%) | |
| 58–75 | 20010 (20.2%) | 29796 (20.9%) | |
| >75 | 22299 (22.5%) | 31289 (21.9%) | |
| Sex | 0.6976d | ||
| Male | 56283 (56.8%) | 81174 (56.9%) | |
| Female | 42788 (43.2%) | 61511 (43.1%) | |
| Race | <0.0001e | ||
| White | 61096 (61.7%) | 93819 (65.8%) | |
| Black | 13438 (13.6%) | 26668 (18.7%) | |
| Hispanic | 11541 (11.7%) | 16223 (11.4%) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 3270 (3.3%) | 1361 (1.0%) | |
| Native American | 244 (0.3%) | 599 (0.4%) | |
| Other | 9028 (9.1%) | 2551 (1.8%) | |
| Missing | 454 (0.5%) | 1464 (1.0%) | |
| Primary Payer | <0.0001e | ||
| Medicare | 32604 (32.9%) | 48706 (34.1%) | |
| Medicaid | 23165 (23.4%) | 26615 (18.7%) | |
| Private Insurance | 30753 (31.0%) | 41385 (29.0%) | |
| Self-pay | 5851 (5.9%) | 15257 (10.7%) | |
| No Charge | 180 (0.2%) | 1501 (1.1%) | |
| Other | 6466 (6.5%) | 9135 (6.4%) | |
| Missing | 52 (0.1%) | 86 (0.1%) | |
| Injury Severity Score | <0.0001d | ||
| 16–20 | 61934 (62.5%) | 87176 (61.1%) | |
| 21–25 | 23233 (23.5%) | 32094 (22.5%) | |
| >25 | 13904 (14.0%) | 23415 (16.4%) | |
| Elixhauser Comorbidity Index | <0.0001f | ||
| Mean (SD) | 1.3 (1.81) | 1.5 (1.91) | |
| Trauma Center Level Designation b | <0.0001d | ||
| Level I | 41350 (41.7%) | 28567 (20.0%) | |
| Level II | 13741 (13.9%) | 29667 (20.8%) | |
| Level III, IV, Non-Trauma Centerc | 40670 (41.1%) | 77049 (54.0%) | |
| Missing | 3310 (3.3%) | 7402 (5.2%) | |
| Bed Size (beds) b | <0.0001d | ||
| <100 | 6793 (6.9%) | 16285 (11.4%) | |
| 100–199 | 13146 (13.3%) | 22468 (15.8%) | |
| 200–299 | 14361 (14.5%) | 24434 (17.1%) | |
| 300–399 | 10227 (10.3%) | 23302 (16.3%) | |
| 400–499 | 9845 (9.9%) | 13517 (9.5%) | |
| ≥500 | 44512 (44.9%) | 40520 (28.4%) | |
| Missing | 187 (0.2%) | 2159 (1.5%) | |
| Medical School Affiliationb | <0.0001d | ||
| Yes | 73105 (73.8%) | 72450 (50.8%) | |
| No | 25779 (26.0%) | 68076 (47.7%) | |
| Missing | 187 (0.2%) | 2159 (1.5%) | |
Trauma Funding Status was determined by the absence ($0.00) or presence (>$0.00) of per capita state trauma funding in the state that the patient was hospitalized in.
Defined by the first hospital at which patients received care.
These levels were grouped together due to state variations in characterization of Trauma Center Level Designation (FL reports Level I, II, and Non-Trauma designations; MA, MD, and NY report Level I, II, III, and Non-Trauma designations; WI reports Level I, II, III, IV, and Non-Trauma designations).
P-value obtained using a chi-square test for linear trend employing the chi-square correlation statistic. Missing values were excluded when applying this test.
P-value obtained using a Pearson’s chi-square test. Missing values were excluded when applying this test.
P-value obtained using a two-sample t-test assuming unequal variances using Satterthwaite degrees of freedom.