Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 20.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jun 29;896:165238. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165238

Table 2:

Percentage of days with self-reported activities and observations among 20 participants in Western Montana, June through October 2022

Self-reported activity/observation Wildfire vs non-Wildfire days Total days activity/observation was reported (n = 2091 days of follow-up) Summary statisticsa Association with indoor PM2.5a
mean (sd) min, P25, median, P75, max Estimateb (95% CI)
Windows and/or doors left open for ventilation Non-wildfire days 993 62.0 (41.7)
0, 14.3, 76.9, 100, 100
2.6
(0.2, 5.1)
Wildfire days 174 43.3 (36.2)
0, 12.5, 42.9, 66.7, 100
11.4
(6.4, 16.7)
Ambient air pollution or haze observed Non-wildfire days 387 23.8 (29.7)
0, 0, 14.3, 37.5, 100
3.0
(−0.4, 6.5)
Wildfire days 281 72.1 (28.3)
0, 50, 75, 100, 100
7.7
(0.7, 15.3)
Cleaning (dusting/sweeping) occurred in the home Non-wildfire days 307 20.7 (18.0)
0, 0, 15.5, 28.6, 100
9.2
(3.4, 15.3)
Wildfire days 52 15.0 (15.9)
0, 0, 14.3, 28.6, 71.4
17.0
(3.1, 32.7)
Incense burned in the home Non-wildfire days 17 1.3 (6.6)
0, 0, 0, 0, 57.1
22.7
(5.1, 43.3)
Wildfire days 8 3 (13.5)
0, 0, 0, 0, 66.7
9.5
(−8.4, 30.9)
Candle burned in the home Non-wildfire days 25 1.9 (6.4)
0, 0, 0, 0, 42.9
14.1
(−2.9, 34.0)
Wildfire days 1 0.4 (2.6)
0, 0, 0, 0, 16.7
25.3
(−50.4, 216.4)
Smoke from cooking in the home Non-wildfire days 118 8.4 (14.9)
0, 0, 0, 14.3, 85.7
13.2
(5.9, 20.9)
Wildfire days 24 7.3 (15.1)
0, 0, 0, 9.2, 71.4
3.4
(−10.7, 19.6)
Gas stove used inside the home Non-wildfire days 307 22.5 (37.2)
0, 0, 0, 35.1, 100
2.2
(−0.6, 5.0)
Wildfire days 74 22.6 (38.6)
0, 0, 0, 26.8, 100
−4.5
(−9.9, 1.3)
Charcoal grill used outside the home Non-wildfire days 24 1.9 (6.5)
0, 0, 0, 0, 42.9
−2.1
(−16.4, 14.7)
Wildfire days 10 2.9 (9.7)
0, 0, 0, 0, 42.9
5.2
(−17.8, 34.5)
Gas grill used outside the home Non-wildfire days 82 6.4 (12.7)
0, 0, 0, 14.3, 100
−4.0
(−11.3, 4.0)
Wildfire days 20 5.9 (10.1)
0, 0, 0, 13.4, 33.3
−4.6
(−24.7, 20.7)
Mowing lawn/grass occurred outside the home Non-wildfire days 149 11.0 (13.5)
0, 0, 11.1, 14.3, 66.7
1.3
(−5.9, 9.1)
Wildfire days 34 10.6 (12.7)
0, 0, 12.5, 14.3, 42.9
25.4
(6.5, 47.7)
Construction occurred outside the home Non-wildfire days 92 6.8 (20.4)
0, 0, 0, 0, 100
7.7
(2.5, 13.1)
Wildfire days 27 8.2 (26.3)
0, 0, 0, 0, 100
10.0
(1.2, 19.5)

PM2.5 = fine particulate matter; sd = standard deviation; min = minimum; P25 = 25th percentile; P75 = 75th percentile; max = maximum; CI = confidence interval

a

Surveys were sent out electronically each week, but occasionally were not taken on the intended/scheduled day. For the self-reported activities/observations above, participants were told the number of days since their previous survey and asked to report the number of days each activity or observation occurred. Table 2 is reporting statistics on the percentage of days each activity or observation occurred out of the total number of days since the previous survey was taken.

b

Estimates are presented as percent change in geometric mean indoor PM2.5 (since the previous survey) per 10% increase in days with self-reported activity/observation.