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Age-dependent changes in MSCs during aging. During aging, MSCs become flat and broad with reduced proliferation and migration capacity, cell cycle arrest (p16 upregulation), oxidative stress injury (ROS increase), SA-β-gal and SASP increased. At the same time, the characteristics of stem cells are changed, and their differentiation will also be biased. MSCs also displayed reduced immunomodulatory capacity and paracrine effect.
