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The role of cellular senescence in fibrosis. Cellular senescence is caused by telomere damage, epigenetic dysregulation, DNA damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, proteostatic dysfunction, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Acute cellular senescence produced early in life provides a benefit during tissue fibrosis, but the aberrant and chronic accumulation of senescent cells late in life drives various features of aging, including age-related fibrosis.
