Table 1.
Natural products that inhibit TGF-β signalling in aging-related tissue fibrosis.
| Compounds | Targets | Outcomes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Saponins from Panax japonicus | Regulate the TGF-β1/Smad pathway | Improved aging-related renal fibrosis | [151] |
| Mangiferin | Regulate the TGF-β1/p38/MAPK pathway | Improved D-galactose-induced cardiac fibrosis in aging rats | [152] |
| Amylase Potato Protein Hydrolysate | Regulate TGF-β expression | Improved high fat diet- and aging-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis | [153] |
| Metformin | Regulate TGF-β signalling | Improved aging-related fibrosis (e.g., chronic kidney disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cardiac failure, or sclerosis) | [155] |
| Date palm seeds | Inhibit IL-1β and TGF-β expression | Increased immunity: prevention of chronic diseases to improve aging-related fibrosis | [156] |
| Xiaoyu Xiezhuo Drink | Regulate the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway | Alleviation of cellular senescence, inflammation, and oxidative damage to improve aging-related renal fibrosis | [157] |