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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2023 Aug 21;158:111771. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111771

Table 1.

Mediation analysis of the effect of TS activity biofeedback on the net metabolic cost of walking.

Variable Effect Type Effect (p-value) Proportion Mediated (%)
Experimental Variable

  EMG Biofeedback Target Direct 0.068 (0.188) --

Mediators

  Peak TS Activity Mediated 0.0127 (0.006) 57.2
  MG Fascicle Length at tpeak Mediated 0.0026 (0.036) 11.7
  Peak Gastrocnemius Force Mediated 0.0001 (0.948) 0.45

TS = triceps surae, MG = medial gastrocnemius, tpeak = instant of peak gastrocnemius force