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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 27.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci. 2023 Apr 27;6:153–171. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-020722-020704

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Data inequality and subpopulation shift are the two key challenges in multiethnic machine learning. These challenges are being addressed on two fronts. Collecting more ancestrally diverse data will gradually reduce the degree of data inequality, and algorithmic intervention (e.g., transfer learning) can mitigate the impacts of data inequality and subpopulation shift on multiethnic machine learning.