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Relative and absolute risks of process outcomes with cardiac stress testing in causal effect models.
| Absolute effect | Relative risk | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 95% Cl | Mean | 95% Cl | |
| Coronary angiography | 0.6% | (0.4% to 0.7%) | 8.6 | (6.1 – 12.1) |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 0.1% | (0.0% to 0.1%) | 4.1 | (1.8 – 9.2) |
| Cardiac surgery | 0.7% | (0.5% to 0.9%) | 6.8 | (4.9 – 9.4) |
| Noncardiac surgery | −16.1% | (−17.6% to −14.6%) | 0.77 | (0.75 – 0.79) |
