Figure 5.

The effect of GF and sex on serum biomarkers of bone turnover. A) P1NP, a biomarker of global bone formation, was higher in GF mice compared to conventional mice and in males compared to females. B) CTX1, a biomarker of global bone resorption, had a significant interaction between GF and sex such that CTX1 level was similar among GF and conventional males but lower and more homogenous in GF females compared with conventional females. C) CTX1/P1NP ratio was lower with GF in both sexes and was also higher in females compared to males. Boxplots represent median value (cross), interquartile range (box), minimum/maximum (whiskers), and symbols representing all data points. All p-values correspond with results of the omnibus ANOVA test, unless specifically indicated with symbol # which indicates a pairwise post-hoc test following a significant interaction.