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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2023 Jul 13;301:122245. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122245

Figure 2. Pino-loaded Epi^NanoPaint (Pino/ahNP) abates IH in a 1-month term in obese Zucker rats.

Figure 2.

IH was induced via open-surgery and balloon injury in obese Zucker rat common carotid arteries, and drug-loaded ahNP or empty ahNP was pen-brushed on the adventitia of the injured arteries. After 28 days, arteries were collected and animals were euthanized.

A. Immunofluorescence showing DOT1L upregulation in human stenotic coronary arteries. Diseased: Stent-edge neointima; non-diseased: no stent (samples from CVPath Institute, MD). M, media; N, neointima. Green: Elastin autofluorescence. Scale bar: 50 μm. Mean ± SEM, n= 4 patients. Unpaired Student t-test: *p<0.05

B. Representative H&E-stained cross-sections of Zucker rat arteries. To mimic open vascular reconstruction, an incision was made in the neck of the rat, and the common carotid artery was dissected and balloon-injured. Epi^NanoPaint was brushed on the artery adventitia immediately after balloon injury. After 28 days of treatment with empty ahNP (no drug) or ahNP loaded with rapamycin (Rapa, 0.018 mg/kg) or with Pino (0.3 mg/kg), arteries were collected for morphometric analysis. N, neointima (between arrows); M, media; A, adventitia. Scale bar:100 μm.

C. Quantification for B. IH was measured as the N/M area ratio. Mean ± SEM, n = 5 or 6 rats. One-way ANOVA and Tukey test: **P<0.01, ****P<0.0001, n.s., not significant.