Table 3.
Lean methods used in the articles to optimize the process.
| “4 P” Model | Lean Method | Number of Articles | Percentage of Articles # |
|---|---|---|---|
| Philosophy | - | - | - |
| Process | Value stream mapping | 19 | 53% |
| Process mapping | 12 | 33% | |
| Waste reduction | 5 | 14% | |
| SIPOC | 4 | 11% | |
| Standardization of Work | 3 | 8% | |
| Continuous Flow | 2 | 6% | |
| Single-piece flow | 1 | 3% | |
| People and Partners | - | - | - |
| Problem Solving | Cause-and-Effect Diagram | 7 | 19% |
| 5 Whys | 4 | 11% | |
| A3 | 2 | 6% | |
| Kaizen | 2 | 6% | |
| Gemba Walk | 1 | 3% | |
| Pareto | 1 | 3% | |
| PICK Chart | 1 | 3% |
# Total is more than 100% because multiple methods could be selected per article.