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. 2023 Sep 7;24(18):13821. doi: 10.3390/ijms241813821

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Venn chart for overlapped common biomarkers of IS versus control, HS, SM, and TIA groups (A) and most frequently studied biomarkers (B). A total of 427 biomarkers were pooled from IS-controls, 135 from IS-HS, 36 from IS-SM, and 15 from IS-TIA comparisons (A). The overlapped 2 common biomarkers were calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Overall, 16 biomarkers were studied ≥ 4 times among all studies included (B). S100B (n = 18); GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein (n = 16); IMA, ischaemia-modified albumin (n = 11); IL-6, interleukin 6 (n = 8); MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (n = 8); CRP, C-reactive protein (n = 8); hsCRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (n = 7); ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (n = 5); BNP, natriuretic peptides B (n = 4); NfL, neurofilament light chain (n = 4); NSE, neuron-specific enolase (n = 4); NT-proBNP, NT-pro-natriuretic peptides B (n = 4); TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α (n = 4); vWF: von Willebrand factor (n = 4). IS, ischaemic stroke; HS, haemorrhagic stroke; SM, stroke mimics; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.