Diagnostic performance in the test set. Receiver operating characteristic curves describing the ability of the analyte panel for discrimination of (A) early-stage PDAC cases from (B) healthy controls and all non-PDAC controls including chronic pancreatitis, benign IPMN, and healthy controls (C and D) compared with similar discrimination by CA 19-9 alone in the 20% hold-out test sample set. Bars represent 95% CIs from 2000 bootstrap iterations. AUC, area under the curve; CA, cancer antigen; ChPT, chronic pancreatitis; CON, healthy control; IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.