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. 2023 Sep 7;24(18):13826. doi: 10.3390/ijms241813826

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Echocardiographic parameters 15 weeks after transverse aortic constriction or sham surgery in rats. Left upper panel represents the experimental design. TAC: transverse aortic constriction; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVCO: left ventricular cardiac output; LVFS: left ventricular fractional shortening; LVSV: left ventricular stroke volume; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVAWTd: left ventricular anterior wall thickness in diastole; LVPWTd: left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole; RWT: relative wall thickness; LVMass: calculated left ventricular mass. Measurements were performed on n = 5 individual animals for both the SHAM and the TAC groups. *: p < 0.05, unpaired Student’s t-test, shown as mean ± SEM.