Table 1.

Roles of JAK and STAT proteins.

Protein	Role	Reference
JAK1	Promotion of inflammatory response Antiviral effect Regulation of neurological and lymphocytic function	[14,28,35]
JAK2	Regulation of hematopoietic function	[14,28]
JAK3	Regulation of lymphocyte production and function	[14,28]
TYK2	Regulation of T cell response and microbial response	[14,28]
STAT1	Regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis Inhibition of viral and bacterial infection	[14,18,25,28,34,36,37,38]
STAT2	Antiviral effect Immune regulation Promotion of tumorigenesis	[14,18,25,28,34,36,37,38]
STAT3	Regulation of immune system Progression of cell cycle Inhibition of apoptosis Promotion of tumorigenesis Maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) Regulation of hepatic glucogenesis	[14,16,18,25,28,34,36,37,38]
STAT4	Regulation of immune system Regulation of T cell development and function	[14,18,25,28,34,36,37,38]
STAT5	Regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis Regulation of tumor immunity Tumor progression	[14,18,25,28,34,36,37,38]
STAT6	Regulation of lymphocytes Expression of MHCs and immunoglobulins	[14,18,25,28,34,36,37,38]