Table 2.
Ligands triggering the activation of JAK/STAT signaling in HCC.
| Ligand | JAK | STAT | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL-2 family (IL-2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 21) |
JAK1, JAK3 | STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, STAT6 | [27,36,55,56,57] |
| IL-6 family (IL-6, 11, 27, 31, LIF) |
JAK1, JAK2, TYK2 | STAT1, STAT3 | [27,36,55,56,58] |
| IL-10 family (IL-10, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26) |
JAK1, TYK2 | STAT1, STAT3, STAT5 | [27,36,59,60,61] |
| IL-12 family (IL-12, 23) |
JAK2 | STAT3, STAT4 | [36,55,56] |
| IL-17 family (IL-17A-F) |
JAK2 | STAT3 | [62,63] |
| β common cytokine family (IL-3, 5, GM-CSF) |
JAK2 | STAT3, STAT5 | [27,36,55,56] |
| Hematopoietic growth factors (EPO, G-CSF, TPO) | JAK2 | STAT3, STAT5 | [36,55,56,57] |
| Type1 IFN (α, β) | JAK1, TYK2 | STAT1, STAT2 | [36,37,55,56,58] |
| Type2 IFN (γ) | JAK1, JAK2 | STAT1 | [27,36,37,55,56,57,58] |
The table lists cytokines, growth factors, and interferons that are predominantly enriched in HCC. It also provides information about the major JAKs and STATs affected by each type of ligand.