Table 2.
Multivariable analysis (estimates and P-values in brackets) for the entire patient cohort.
| Parameters of sleep | Sleep disturbance (R2 = 0.29) | Sleep adequacy (R2 = 0.29) | Sleep somnolence (R2 = 0.32) | Sleep quantity (R2 = 0.14) | DF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis | |||||
| CRPS vs PHN | 1.33 (0.180) | −0.69 (0.531) | −3.45 (<0.001) | −0.12 (0.084) | 2 |
| PDNP vs PHN | 1.85 (0.150) | −1.14 (0.426) | 0.43 (0.695) | −0.13 (0.150) | 2 |
| CRPS vs PDNP | −0.52 (0.690) | 0.45 (0.759) | −3.88 (<0.001) | 0.01 (0.914) | 2 |
| Demographic/clinical data | |||||
| Sex (female vs male) | 1.93 (0.017) | −2.46 (0.006) | −1.54 (0.024) | −0.01 (0.867) | 1 |
| Age 10-y estimate | −0.78 (0.027) | 2.78 (<0.001) | 1.29 (<0.001) | −0.02 (0.389) | 1 |
| BMI 5-points estimate | −0.28 (0.439) | −0.53 (0.193) | 1.67 (<0.001) | −0.06 (0.023) | 1 |
| Pain medication (no vs yes) | −0.21 (0.828) | 1.69 (0.118) | −2.48 (0.003) | 0.05 (0.468) | 1 |
| Pain duration (≤3 vs > 3 y) | −2.04 (0.050) | 4.26 (<0.001) | 0.22 (0.804) | 0.24 (0.002) | 1 |
| Pension request (yes vs no) | −0.69 (0.478) | 1.97 (0.069) | 1.87 (0.024) | 0.16 (0.021) | 1 |
| Hospitalisation (no vs yes) | −0.11 (0.901) | 0.08 (0.932) | −1.85 (0.013) | −0.01 (0.911) | 1 |
| PD-Q symptoms | |||||
| Burning | 0.85 (0.003) | −0.94 (0.003) | −0.34 (0.157) | −0.05 (0.019) | 1 |
| Prickling | −0.13 (0.649) | 0.30 (0.356) | −0.33 (0.177) | 0.03 (0.124) | 1 |
| Allodynia | 0.99 (0.001) | −0.98 (0.004) | 0.88 (<0.001) | −0.08 (<0.001) | 1 |
| Pain attacks | 0.14 (0.569) | −0.03 (0.928) | 0.77 (<0.001) | −0.01 (0.771) | 1 |
| Thermal hyperalgesia | 0.66 (0.019) | −0.76 (0.015) | 0.23 (0.338) | −0.06 (0.004) | 1 |
| Numbness | 0.59 (0.023) | −0.03 (0.912) | 0.11 (0.630) | −0.02 (0.376) | 1 |
| Pressure-evoked pain | 0.52 (0.097) | 0.60 (0.085) | −0.12 (0.658) | 0.03 (0.193) | 1 |
| VAS | |||||
| Average pain | 1.01 (<0.001) | −1.08 (<0.001) | −0.27 (0.267) | −0.07 (<0.001) | 1 |
| Maximum pain | 0.10 (0.740) | −0.18 (0.581) | 1.06 (<0.001) | −0.02 (0.346) | 1 |
| PHQ-9 | |||||
| Depression | 1.85 (<0.001) | −2.11 (<0.001) | 1.76 (<0.001) | −0.07 (<0.001) | 1 |
P-values in brackets. Significant values are shown as bold entries.
Parameters of sleep were assessed with Medical Outcome Study (MOS) Sleep Scale.
BMI, body mass index; average and maximum pain of the last 4 weeks assessed with VAS, visual analogue scale; CRPS, complex regional pain syndrome; PDNP, painful diabetic polyneuropathy; PD-Q, painDETECT questionnaire; PHN, postherpetic neuralgia; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.