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. 2023 Sep 27;7(10):e0271. doi: 10.1097/HC9.0000000000000271

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Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Comparative illustration of GVHD mechanisms in HSCT versus LT. The top panel outlines the typical process in HSCT whereby donor T cells mount an immune response against host antigens, triggering a cytokine release with resultant local and systemic tissue damage. The bottom panel contrasts this with a hypothetical mechanism in GVHD after LT. Here, donor lymphocytes, accompanied by the transplanted liver as passenger cells, are assumed capable of initiating an immune response against the host tissues. Abbreviations: GVHD, graft-versus-host disease; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; LT, liver transplantation. The figure is created with BioRender.com.