Table 1.
Studies reporting NF-κB status in patients with IAs compared to control with nonvascular diseased arteries or normal cerebral arteries.
| No. | NF-κB Status | Inflammatory Markers and MMPs | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lower nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκB-α) and higher NF-κB P65 protein expression in IA tissue | Higher serum levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in IA patients than in control, the serum levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were higher in patients with ruptured CAs than in patients with unruptured IAs, lower APC protein expression in IA tissue | [11] |
| 2 | Lower median cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum NF-κB p65 concentrations | Higher median CSF GRO alpha chemokine/C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) (GRO-α) and CSF C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2 (CXCR2) concentration | [18] |
| 3 | Higher NF-κB mRNA and protein expression in IAs than in control, NF-κB protein expression was detected in the intima, media, and extima | Higher MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression in IAs than in control, MMP-2 protein expression was detected in the intima, media, and extima | [19] |
| 4 | High positive protein expression of NF-κB P65 in IA walls detected by immunohistochemical staining | Higher levels of IL-17, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17a, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and lower levels of IL-10 in peripheral blood, high positive protein expression of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) detected by immunohistochemical staining, high mRNA expression of T helper 17 cells (Th17) transcription-factor-related orphan receptor C (RORC) and low mRNA expression of regulatory T-cell (Treg) transcription factor forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) |
[20] |
| 5 | In serum higher NF-κB 65 concentration | In serum higher mRNA expression and concentration of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR 4, and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) | [21] |
| 6 | Increased immunohistostaining for NF-κB P65 in the aneurysmal wall | [8] | |
| 7 | Increased protein levels and staining intensity for NF-κB P65 in IA tissue | Higher protein levels and increased staining intensity for ICAM-1 and higher MCP-1 mRNA expression in IA tissue | [22] |