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. 2023 Sep 5;12(18):5787. doi: 10.3390/jcm12185787

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Pathophysiology of enterohepatic circulation: BAs excreted in the intestinal lumen are mainly reabsorbed in the ileum through the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and return to the liver through the portal circulation, stimulating the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). This initiates the production of fibroblast grow factor (FGF) 15/19, which interacts in the hepatocytes with cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A/1) and reduces BA synthesis, with a negative feedback mechanism [16]. Abbreviations: BA = bile acid; ASBT = apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter; FXR = farnesoid X receptor; FGF 15/19 = fibroblast grow factor 15/19; OST α/β = organic soluble transporter α/β; FGFR4 = fibroblast grow factor receptor 4; CYP7A/1 = cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase; NTCP = sodium-dependent uptake transporter; ABCB11 = ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11.