Table 1.
Summary of studies included in the systematic literature review and meta-analysis. (CN = cranial nerve; GTR = gross total resection; NA = not available; RT = radiotherapy).
| Study | Baseline Data |
Presentation | Treatment | Mean Follow-Up Time (Months) |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Author, Journal, Year | Title | Country | Prospective/Retrospective | Study Period |
Sample Size | Mean Age at Intervention (range) | F (%) | WHO Grade (No.) | Visual Acuity Decrease No. (%) | CN Deficits (III, IV, VI) No. (%) | Proptosis No. (%) | Others | No. (%) of GTR |
No. (%) of Patients Receiving Post-op RT |
|
| 1 | Bonnal [8], J Neurosurg, 1980 |
Invading Meningiomas of the Sphenoid Ridge | Belgium | Retrospective | 1958–1979 | 21 | 45 (23–65) | 81% | NA | 8 (38%) | 3 (14%) | 11 (52%) | Epilepsy, hemiparesis, aphasia, headache, intracranial hypertension, visual field deficit, Foster Kennedy syndrome, deafness, 5th and 6th nerve palsy |
NA | NA | NA |
| 2 | Maroon [9], J Neurosurg, 1994 |
Recurrent Spheno-Orbital Meningioma | USA | Retrospective | 1975–1992 | 15 | 46 | 73% | NA | 6 (40%) | 2 (13%) | 13 (87%) | Blindness, visual field deficit, V1 hypesthesia |
9 (60%) | 10 (67%) | NA |
| 3 | Gaillard [10], Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1997 |
Strategy of Craniofacial Reconstruction After Resection of Spheno-Orbital “en Plaque” Meningiomas |
France | Retrospective | 1981–1993 | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2 (10%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 84 |
| 4 | De Jesus [11], Surg Neurol, 2001 |
Surgical Management of Meningioma en Plaque of the Sphenoid Ridge | Puerto Rico | Retrospective | 1990–1997 | 6 | 51 (39–64) | 100% | NA | 3 (50%) | NA | 5 (83%) | Seizure | 5 (83%) | NA | 48 |
| 5 | Leake [12], Arch Facial Plast Surg, 2005 | Reconstruction after Resection of Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas |
USA | Retrospective | 1995–2004 | 22 | 53 (31–73) | 77% | NA | 5 | NA | 15 (68%) | Visual field deficit, trigeminal hypoesthesia, seizure, dysphagia |
11 (50%) | 4 (18%) | 15 |
| 6 | Roser [13], Surg Neurol, 2005 | Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas with Osseous Involvement |
Germany | Retrospective | NA | 82 | 53 (21–78) | 77% | NA | 18 (22%) | 2 (2%) | 31 (38%) | Headache, aphasia, trigeminal neuralgia, seizure |
31 (38%) | NA | 66 |
| 7 | Shrivastava [14], J. Neurosurg, 2005 |
Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: Surgical Limitations and Lessons Learned in Their Long-Term Management |
USA | Retrospective | 1991–2003 | 25 | 51 (22–76) | 88% | NA | 20 (80%) | 5 (20%) | 22 (88%) | Trigeminal hypoesthesia, scotoma |
18 (70%) | 2 (8%) | 60 |
| 8 | Sandalcioglu [15], Journal of Cranio- Maxillofacial Surgery, 2005 |
Spheno-orbital Meningiomas: Interdisciplinary Surgical Approach, Resectability and Long-Term Results |
Germany | Retrospective | 1998–2002 | 16 | 53 (3–76) | 94% | I | 7 (44%) | 1 (6%) | 14 (88%) | Diplopia | 16 (100%) | 2 (13%) | 68 |
| 9 | Schick [16], J Neurosurg, 2006 |
Management of Meningiomas en Plaque of the Sphenoid Wing | Germany | Retrospective | 1991–2002 | 67 | 58 (32–79) | 79% | I (64), II (3) | 28 (42%) | 11 (16%) | 33 (49%) | V palsy, visual field deficit |
40 (60%) | 5 (7%) | 46 |
| 10 | Ringel [17], Operative Neurosurg, 2006 | Microsurgical Technique and Results of a Series of 63 Spheno-orbital Meningiomas |
Germany | Retrospective | 1983–2003 | 63 | 51 (21–77) | 79% | NA | 28 (44%) | 16 (25%) | 50 (79%) | Visual field deficit, seizure, diplopia |
45 (71%) | NA | 54 |
| 11 | Bikmaz [18], J Neurosurg, 2007 | Management of Bone-Invasive, Hyperostotic Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas | USA | Retrospective | 1994–2004 | 17 | 52 (36–70) | 88% | NA | 10 (59%) | 3 (18%) | 12 (71%) | Eye swelling, headache, incidental, diplopia |
14 (82%) | NA | 36 |
| 12 | Yong [19], Chin Med J (Engl), 2009 |
Sphenoid Wing Meningioma en Plaque: Report of 37 Cases | China | Retrospective | 1998–2009 | 37 | 46 (16–67) | 59% | I (33), II (2), III (2) | 26 (70%) | NA | 37 (100%) | Headache, seizure |
9 (24%) | 10 (27%) | 36 |
| 13 | Scarone [20], J Neurosurg, 2009 | Long-Term Results with Exophthalmos in a Surgical Series of 30 Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas |
France | Retrospective | 1994–2005 | 30 | 51 (35–74) | 100% | NA | 6 (20%) | NA | 28 (93%) | Headache, temporal swelling, visual field deficit |
27 (90%) | 1 (3%) | NA |
| 14 | Heufelder [21], Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2009 |
Reconstructive and Ophthalmologic Outcomes Following Resection of Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas | Germany | Retrospective | 1997–2006 | 21 | 61 (47–81) | 95% | I (19), II (2) | NA | NA | 18 (86%) | Visual field deficit, epiphora | NA | 5 (24%) | 66 |
| 15 | Mirone [22], Neurosurgery, 2009 | En Plaque Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas: Recurrence Factors and Surgical Strategies in a Series of 71 Patients |
France | Retrospective | 1986–2006 | 71 | 53 (12–79) | 87% | I | 41 (58%) | 15 (21%) | 61 (86%) | Diplopia, headache, trigeminal pain, visual field deficit, chemosis, seizure |
59 (83%) | 1 (1%) | 77 |
| 16 | Cannon [5], Orbit, 2009 |
The Surgical Management and Outcomes for Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: A 7-Year Review of Multi-Disciplinary Practice | UK | Retrospective | 2000–2007 | 12 | 51 (34–64) | 92% | I (11), II (1) | 5 (42%) | 1 (8%) | 12 (100%) | Diplopia | NA | 3 (25%) | 31 |
| 17 | Civit [23], Neuro- chirurgie, 2010 |
Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas | France | Retrospective | NA | 41 | NA | NA | NA | 23 (56%) | 4 (9%) | 39 (95%) | V deficit, visual field deficit |
NA | NA | NA |
| 18 | Honig [24], Neurological research, 2010 | Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: Outcome After Microsurgical Treatment: A Clinical Review of 30 Cases |
Germany | Retrospective | 2001–2006 | 30 | 54 (25–74) | 73% | I (26), II (3), III (1) | 22 (73%) | 6 (20%) | 16 (53%) | Diplopia, headache, trigeminal pain, visual field deficit, chemosis, seizure |
10 (33%) | 8 (27%) | 34 |
| 19 | Oya [25], J Neurosurg, 2011 |
Spheno-Orbital Meningioma: Surgical Technique and Outcome | USA | Retrospective | 1994–2009 | 39 | 49 (33–68) | 87% | NA | 21 (54%) | 3 (8%) | 39 (100%) | Diplopia, headache, trigeminal pain, visual field deficit |
15 (38%) | 4 (10%) | 41 |
| 20 | Luetjens [26], Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2011 |
Bilateral Spheno-Orbital Hyperostotic Meningiomas with Proptosis and Visual Impairment: A Therapeutic Challenge. Report of Three Patients and Review of the Literature |
Germany | Retrospective | NA | 3 | 62 (49–70) | 100% | I | 3 (100%) | NA | 3 (100%) | Vertigo, diplopia |
2 (66%) | 1 (33%) | 28 |
| 21 | Mariniello [27], Acta Neurochir (Wein), 2013 |
Surgical Unroofing of the Optic Canal and Visual Outcome in Basal Meningiomas |
Italy | Retrospective | 1986–2006 | 60 | NA | NA | NA | 60 (100%) | NA | NA | Visual field deficit, diplopia |
NA | NA | 60 |
| 22 | Boari [28], British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2013 |
Management of Spheno-Orbital en Plaque Meningiomas: Clinical Outcome in a Consecutive Series of 40 Patients |
Italy | Retrospective | 2000–2010 | 40 | 53 (NA) | 88% | NA | 35 (88%) | 2 (5%) | 18 (45%) | Visual field deficit, diplopia |
22 (56%) | 18 (44%) | 73 |
| 23 | Saeed [29], Br J Ophthalmol, 2011 | Surgical Treatment of Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas | Netherlands | Retrospective | 1980–2006 | 66 | 46 (26–68) | 92% | NA | 51 (77%) | NA | 66 (100%) | Diplopia, headache |
39 (59%) | 15 (23%) | 102 |
| 24 | Simas [30], Surg Neurol Int, 2013 |
Sphenoid Wing en Plaque Meningiomas: Surgical Results and Recurrence Rates | Portugal | Retrospective | 1998–2008 | 18 | 52 (27–75) | 83% | I (18) | 5 (28%) | 1 (6%) | 16 (89%) | Temporal region swelling, orbital pain, diplopia, V1, V2 hypesthesia |
7 (39%) | 6 (33%) | 55 |
| 25 | Attia [31], World Neurosurg, 2013 |
Combined Cranio-Nasal Surgery for Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas Invading the Paranasal Sinuses, Pterygopalatine, and Infra-Temporal Fossa | USA | Retrospective | 2009–2011 | 3 | 60 (44–82) | 66% | I (2), II (1) | 2 (67%) | 1 (33%) | 2 (67%) | V palsy | 1 (33%) | 1 (33%) | 10 |
| 26 | Marcus [32], Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2013 |
Image-Guided Resection of Spheno-Orbital Skull-Base Meningiomas with Predominant Intra- Osseous Component |
UK | Retrospective | 2004–2012 | 19 | 44 (25–64) | 89% | I (17), II (2) | 11 (58%) | 6 (32%) | 12 (63%) | Temporal swelling, headache, V paresthesia, focal sensory seizures |
11 (58%) | 2 (11%) | 60 |
| 27 | Mariniello [33], Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2013 |
Management of the Optic Canal Invasion and Visual Outcome in Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas |
Italy | Retrospective | 1986–2006 | 60 | NA | NA | NA | 36 (60%) | 19 (34%) | 59 (98%) | Optic disc pallor, optic disc edema |
40 (67%) | 5 (8%) | NA |
| 28 | Forster [34], Neurol Res, 2014 | Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: Surgical Management and Outcome |
Germany | Retrospective | 2003–2013 | 18 | 50 (35–69) | 100% | I (17), II (1) | 7 (39%) | NA | 15 (83%) | Diplopia, dizziness |
13 (72%) | NA | 44 |
| 29 | Solmaz [35], Turk Neurosurg, 2014 |
Surgical Strategies for the Removal of Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas |
Turkey | Retrospective | 2006–2013 | 13 | 34 (26–58) | 23% | I (13) | 8 (62%) | NA | 10 (77%) | Facial pain, orbital pain, epilepsy |
4 (31%) | 0 | 26 |
| 30 | Talacchi [36], Neurosurg Rev, 2014 |
Surgical Management of Ocular Symptoms in Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas. Is Orbital Reconstruction Really Necessary? | Italy | Retrospective | 1992–2012 | 47 | 57 (21–77) | 56% | NA | 24 (51%) | 18 (32%) | 46 (98%) | Periorbital and temporal swelling |
24 (51%) | NA | 52 |
| 31 | Berhoum [37], Neurosurg Focus, 2014 |
Endoscopic Endonasal Optic Nerve and Orbital Apex Decompression for Nontraumatic Optic Neuro-pathy: Surgical Nuances and Review of the Literature |
France | Retrospective | 2012–2014 | 4 | 58 (49–67) | 75% | NA | 4 (100%) | NA | NA | Visual field deficit | NA | NA | 6 |
| 32 | Amirjamshidi [38], Surg Neurol Int, 2015 |
Lateral Orbito tomy Approach for Removing Hyper -ostosing en Plaque Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas. Description of Surgical Strategy and Analysis of Findings in a Series of 88 Patients with Long-Term Follow-up |
Iran | Retrospective | 1979–2013 | 88 | 46 (12–70) | 74% | NA | 65 (74%) | NA | 88 (100%) | Visual field deficit, diplopia |
NA | 31 (35%) | 135 |
| 33 | Leroy [39], Acta Neurochir (Wein), 2016 |
Internal and External Spheno-Orbital Meningioma Varieties: Different Outcomes and Prog-noses |
France | Retrospective | 1995–2012 | 70 | 52 (21–80) | 90% | I (60), II (5), III (5) | 27 (39%) | NA | 56 (80%) | Soft tissue tumefaction, headache, retrobulbar pain, whimpering, seizure, dizziness, diplopia |
15 (11%) | 18 (30%) | 57 |
| 34 | Bowers [40], J Neurosurg, 2016 | Outcomes After Surgical Treatment of Meningioma-Associated Prop - tosis |
USA | Retrospective | 2002–2015 | 33 | 52 (12–76) | 73% | NA | 17 (52%) | NA | 22 (22%) | Visual field deficit, diplopia, proptosis |
31 (94%) | 2 (6%) | 54 |
| 35 | Peron [41], Acta Neurochir Suppl, 2017 |
Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: When the Endoscopic Approach is Better | Italy | Retrospective | 2013–2014 | 30 | 46 (8–82) | 73% | NA | 1 (3%) | 8 (27%) | 21 (70%) | Visual field deficit, diplopia, V1 and V2 hypoesthesia |
24 (80%) | NA | NA |
| 36 | Terrier [42], World Neurosurgery, 2017 |
Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas Surgery: Multicenter Management Study for Complex Extensive Tumors |
France | Retrospective | 1996–2016 | 130 | 51 (28–74) | 92% | I | 49 (38%) | 13 (10%) | 123 (95%) | Retro-orbital pain, diplopia, headache |
97 (75%) | 2 (2%) | 77 |
| 37 | Freeman [4], World Neurosurgery, 2017 |
Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: A 16-Year Surgical Experience |
USA | Retrospective | 2000–2016 | 25 | 51 (39–71) | 92% | I (21), II (5) | 19 (76%) | NA | 22 (88%) | Diplopia, headache, seizure |
NA | 11 (25%) | 45 |
| 38 | Gonen [43], Neurosurg Rev, 2017 |
Spheno-Orbital Meningioma: Surgical Series and Design of an Intra- Operative Management Algorithm |
Israel | Retrospective | 2005–2014 | 27 | 53 (27–78) | 89% | NA | 10 (37%) | 4 (15%) | 25 (92%) | Visual field deficit, diplopia, proptosis, seizure |
14 (52%) | 1 (3%) | 41 |
| 39 | Almeida [44], J Neurosurg, 2018 |
Trans-Orbital Endoscopic Eyelid Approach for Resection of Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas with Predominant Hyper-ostosis: Report of 2 Cases | USA | Retrospective | NA | 2 | 59 (53–65) | 100% | I (2) | 2 (100%) | NA | 2 (100%) | Visual field deficit | 0 (0%) | 2 (100%) | 2 |
| 40 | Belinsky [45], Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg, 2018 |
Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: An Analysis Based on World Health Organization Classification and Ki-67 Proliferative Index |
USA | Retrospective | 2000–2016 | 46 | 56 (27–85) | 58% | I (30), II (4), III (4) | 15 (33%) | 4 (9%) | 15 (33%) | seizure, altered mental status, double vision, epiphora, headache, V1 hypoesthesia |
NA | 25 (66%) | 63 |
| 41 | Dallan [46], Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown), 2018 |
Endoscopic Trans- Orbital Superior Eyelid Approach for the Management of Selected Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: Preliminary Experience |
Italy | Retrospective | 2012–2015 | 14 | 51 (35–73) | 86% | I (14) | 6 (43%) | 2 (14%) | 14 (100%) | Diplopia, pain, epiphora |
3 (21%) | 0 (0%) | 25 |
| 42 | Kong [47], J Neurosurg, 2018 |
Clinical and Ophthalmological Outcome of Endoscopic Trans-Orbital Surgery for Cranio- Orbital Tumors |
Korea | Retrospective | 2016–2017 | 12 | 56 (38–73) | 92% | NA | 7 (58%) | 7 (39%) | 14 (78%) | NA | 4 (33%) | NA | 5 |
| 43 | Pace [48], Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg, 2019 |
Orbital Reconstruction via Deformable Titanium Mesh Following Spheno-Orbital Meningioma Resection: Ophthalmic Presentation and Outcomes |
USA | Retrospective | 1996–2017 | 20 | 56 (19–89) | 80% | NA | 9 (45%) | 3 (15%) | 20 (100%) | Diplopia, visual field deficit |
15 (75%) | 4 (20%) | 47 |
| 44 | Nagahama [3], World Neurosurg, 2019 |
Spheno-Orbital Meningioma: Surgical Outcomes and Management of Recurrence | Japan | Retrospective | 1996–2017 | 12 | 49 (20–71) | 58% | I (15), II (2) | 3 (25%) | NA | 11 (92%) | Trigeminal hypoesthesia |
3 (23%) | 1 (8%) | 74 |
| 45 | De Rosa [49], Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2019 |
Endoscopic Endo- and Extra- Orbital Corridors for Spheno-Orbital Region: Anatomic Study with Illustrative Case |
Italy | Retrospective | NA | 1 | 37 | 100% | NA | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | Lateral nystagmus, hypesthesia V1 |
NA | NA | 6 |
| 46 | Shapey [1], Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2019 |
A Single Centre’s Experience of Managing Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: Lessons for Recurrent Tumour Surgery | London | Retrospective | 2005–2016 | 31 | 49 (44–58) | 65% | I (23), II (11) | 13 (38%) | 6 (18%) | 13 (38%) | Diplopia, seizures, headaches, trigeminal pain, confusion/ somnolence |
29 (85%) | 4 (11,8%) | 52 |
| 47 | Young [6], Orbit, 2019 |
Combined NeuroSurgical and Orbital Intervention for Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas—the Manchester Experience |
UK | Retrospective | 2000–2017 | 24 | 50 (NA) | 92% | I (23), II (1) | 17 (71%) | 3 (13%) | 21 (88%) | Diplopia, headache, visual field deficit |
0 (0%) | 7 (29%) | 82 |
| 48 | Menon [50], J Neurosci Rural Pract, 2020 | Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: Optimizing Visual Outcome |
India | Retrospective | 10 years | 17 | 51 (17–72) | 76% | I (14) e II (3) | 14 (82%) | NA | 14 (82%) | Headache, facial paresthesia |
2 (12%) | 15 (88%) | 56 |
| 49 | Goncalves [51], J Neurol Surg B Skull Base, 2020 |
Trans-Orbital Endoscopic Surgery for Sphenoid Wing Meningioma: Long-Term Outcomes and Surgical Technique |
South Africa | Retrospective | 2015–2019 | 21 | 48,8 (34–79) | 95% | I (20), II (1) | 21 (100%) | 1 (5%) | 20 (95%) | Headache, facial pain, diplopia, blocked nose, epiphora |
NA | 1 (5%) | 12 |
| 50 | Park [52], World Neurosurg, 2020 |
Comparative Analysis of Endoscopic Trans-Orbital Approach and Extended Mini-Pterional Approach for Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas with Osseous Involvement: Preliminary Surgical Results | Republic of Korea | Retrospective | 2015–2019 | 24 | 54 (24–73) | 67% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Headache, cognitive decline, diplopia |
21 (88%) | NA | 20 |
| 51 | Parish [53], J Neurol Surg Rep, 2020 |
Proptosis, Orbital Pain, and Long-Standing Monocular Vision Loss Resolved by Surgical Resection of Intra- Osseous Spheno-Orbital Meningioma: A Case Report and Literature Review |
USA | Retrospective | 2013 | 1 | 43 | 100% | NA | 1 (100%) | NA | 1 (100%) | Headache, periorbital pain |
NA | NA | 12 |
| 52 | Samadian, World Neurosurg, 2020 |
Surgical Outcomes of Spheno-Orbital en Plaque Meningioma: A 10-Year Experience in 57 Consecutive Cases |
Iran | Retrospective | 2007–2017 | 57 | 48 (22–76) | 93% | NA | 16 (28%) | NA | 47 (83%) | Visual field deficit, diplopia |
48 (84%) | 6 (11%) | 46 |
| 53 | Zamanipoor Najafabadi [54], Acta Neurochirurgica (Wein), 2021 |
Visual Outcomes Endorse Surgery of Patients with Spheno-Orbital Meningioma with Minimal Visual Impairment or Hyperostosis | Netherlands | Retrospective | 2015–2019 | 19 | 47 (45–50) | 95% | I | 10 (53%) | NA | 16 (84%) | Diplopia, headache, visual field deficit |
14 (76%) | 3 (16%) | 46 |
| 54 | In Woo [55], Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2021 |
Orbital Decompressive effect of Endoscopic Transorbital Surgery for Spheno-Orbital Meningioma | South Korea | Retrospective | 2016–2019 | 18 | 54 (38–72) | 89% | I (16), II (1) | 10 (56%) | 4 (22%) | 17 (94%) | Visual field deficit | 3 (17%) | 12 (67%) | 20 |
| 55 | Masalha [56], Front Oncol, 2021 |
Progression-Free Survival, Prognostic Factors, and Surgical Outcome of Spheno-Orbital Meningioma |
Germany | Retrospective | 2000–2020 | 65 | 55 | 77% | I (52), II (13) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 26 (40%) | 15 (23%) | 120 |
| 56 | Dalle Ore [57], J Neurosurg, 2021 |
Hyperostosing Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas: Surgical Outcomes and Strategy for Bone Resection and Multidisciplinary Orbital Reconstruction |
USA | Retrospective | NA | 54 | 52 (30–79) | 83% | I (45) e II (9) | 28 (52%) | NA | 40 (74%) | Visual field deficit, proptosis, diplopia |
11 (20%) | 18 (33%) | 31 |
| 57 | Gomes dos Santos [58], Surg Neurol Int, 2022 |
Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: Is Orbit Reconstruction Mandatory? Long-Term Outcomes and Exophthalmos Improvement |
Brazil | Retrospective | 2008–2018 | 40 | 50 (NA) | 88% | I (39) e II (1) | 26 (65%) | 8 (20%) | 36 (90%) | Visual field deficit, headaches |
26 (65%) | 10 (25%) | 39 |
| 58 | Locatelli [59], J Neurol Surg B Skull Base, 2022 |
The Role of the Trans-Orbital Superior Eyelid Approach in the Management of Selected Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: In-Depth Analysis of Indications, Technique, and Outcomes from the Study of a Cohort of 35 Patients |
Italy | Retrospective | 2011–2021 | 35 | 57 (38–80) | 77% | I (31), II (4) | 11 (32%) | 7 (20%) | 22 (63%) | Visual field deficit, proptosis, diplopia, seizure |
16 (46%) | NA | 32 |
| 59 | Wierzbowska [2], J Clin Med, 2023 |
Spheno-Orbital Meningioma and Vision Impairment—Case Report and Review of the Literature |
Poland | Retrospective | NA | 1 | 46 | 100% | I | Yes | No | Yes | NA | 1 (100%) | NA | 78 |