Figure 1.

Antioxidant properties of L-Carnitine. Oxidative Stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to DNA damage, increases lipid peroxidation, affects the integrity of the sperm plasma membrane which has high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and decreases sperm quality, affecting their motility and morphology. L-Carnitine exerts its effects by scavenging ROS and reducing oxidative stress. It achieves this by enhancing the expression and activity of enzymes with antioxidant properties, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and dismutase. These mechanisms decrease lipid peroxidation, leading to improvements in sperm parameters such as motility, morphology, and concentration. Additionally, L-Carnitine helps to mitigate DNA damage, resulting in an improved fertility rate.