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Variables that independently influence the pH of biological fluids according to Stewart’s theory. ATOT—total weak acid concentration; SID—strong ion difference; PaCO2—partial CO2 pressure. If the SID of the infused solution is below 24 mEq/L, it will result in metabolic acidosis, and if it is above 24 mEq/L, it will induce metabolic alkalosis. An increase in ATOT is linked to acidosis, while a decrease in ATOT leads to alkalosis.
