ACC	American College of Cardiology
ACE	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
AE	Adverse event
AHA	American Heart Association
ARB	Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
ARNI	Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor
BNP	B-type natriuretic peptide
cGMP	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CAD	Coronary artery disease
CCS	Canadian Cardiovascular Society
CHFS	Canadian Heart Failure Society
CI	Confidence Interval
cNG	Cyclic nucleotide-gated
COPD	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CRT	Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
CYP	Cytochrome
DAPA-HF	Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Incidence of Worsening Heart Failure or Cardiovascular Death in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
eGFR	Estimated glomerular filtration rate
EMPEROR-Reduced	Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
ESC	European Society of Cardiology
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
GDMT	Guideline-directed medical therapy
HF	Heart failure
HFA	Heart Failure Association
HFrEF	Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HFSA	Heart Failure Society of America
HR	Hazard Ratio
KorAHF	Korean Acute Heart Failure
ICD	Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
LVEF	Left ventricular ejection fraction
MAGGIC	Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure
MRA	Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist
NYHA	New York Heart Association
NO	Nitric oxide
NT-proBNP	N terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide
PAH	Pulmonary arterial hypertension
PARADIGM-HF	Safety and Tolerability During Open-label Treatment with LCZ696 in Patients with CHF and Reduced Ejection Fraction
PDE	Phosphodiesterase
PINNACLE	Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence
PKG	Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase
Q	Quartile
QoL	Quality of life
RAAS	Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
RCT	Randomized clinical trial
sGC	Soluble guanylate cyclase
SGLT2	Sodium–Glucose Transporter 2
SOCRATES-Reduced	Effect of Vericiguat, a Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator, on Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Patients with Worsening Chronic Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction
STRONG-HF	Safety: tolerability and efficacy of up-titration of guideline-directed medical therapies for acute heart failure
SwedeHF	Swedish Heart Failure
VICTOR	A Study of Vericiguat (MK-1242) in Participants with Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) (MK-1242-035)
VICTORIA	Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
WHF	Worsening heart failure