Table 2.

Established risk factors for HF hospitalization or poor outcome after AVR.

Baseline Characteristics	Post-Procedural Characteristics
Lower baseline KCCQ-OS	Paravalvular regurgitation
Lower baseline aortic valve mean gradient	Patient–prosthesis mismatch
Higher baseline creatinine	New left bundle branch block
Atrial fibrillation or flutter	New permanent pacemaker
Diabetes mellitus	Lower 30-day KCCQ-OS
Oxygen-dependent lung disease
Frailty
Poor cognitive function

Poor outcome defined as death, KCCQ-OS < 60, or decline of ≥ 10 points from baseline after AVR. AVR = aortic valve replacement. HF = heart failure. KCCQ = Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score.