Table 1.

Autoimmune diseases that have been associated with an increased risk of NBTE.

Established Associations

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome

Reported cases

Other connective tissue diseases

Systemic sclerosis

Inflammatory myositis—antisynthetase syndrome

Rheumatoid arthritis

Systemic vasculitis

Giant-cell arteritis

ANCA-associated vasculitis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis)

Behçet’s disease

Inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn’s disease