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. 2023 Sep 11;12(18):5893. doi: 10.3390/jcm12185893

Figure 2.

Figure 2

On the left, the normal response in a patient in SR showing a normal pattern, with small increase of LAV (48 mL rest, 54 mL stress) and increase of LASr (26% rest, 31% stress) during exercise. In the middle, a patient in SR but with a history of paroxysmal AF showing unchanged LAV (44 mL rest, 45 mL stress) and LASr decrease (29% rest, 21% stress) during exercise. On the right, a patient in permanent AF showing a near-normal LAV (74 mL rest, 59 mL stress) and severe reduction of LASr (8% rest, 11% stress) at rest and during exercise.