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. 2023 Sep 19;24(18):14292. doi: 10.3390/ijms241814292

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Meta-analysis findings of LAVi and LVMi in patients with and without NAFLD. (A): Forest plot of the meta-analysis of 12 studies, demonstrating a significantly higher LAVi in patients with NAFLD. (B): Subgroup analysis of studies assessing LAVi in patients with and without NAFLD, showing no effect of NAFLD diagnosis method but a marginal association of diabetic study population with lower effect size. (C): Forest plot of the meta-analysis of 20 studies, demonstrating a significantly higher LVMi in patients with NAFLD. (D): Subgroup analysis of studies assessing LVMi in patients with and without NAFLD, showing no effect of NAFLD diagnosis method but a significant association of diabetic study population with lower effect size. LAVi: left atrial volume index, LVMi: left ventricular mass index, NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, SD: standard deviation, SMD: standardized mean difference, CI: confidence interval, DM: diabetes mellitus.