Table 2.
Representative examples of genome editing in biological organisms for applied biotechnologies.
| S. No. | Genome- Editing Tool |
Biological System | Method of Genome Editing | Applications | Reference |
| 1. | Cas9/sgRNA system |
Cucumis
sativus |
eIF4E (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E) gene was targeted by Cas9/sgRNA construct |
Plant resistance to viruses | [189] |
| 2. | RNA interference (RNAi) | Synechocystis sp. | CRISPR-RNA (crRNA) in Synechocystis sp. degrades target mRNA |
To address drug resistance in microbes |
[190] |
| 3. | Genetic engineering |
Arabidopsis
thaliana |
Cht1 signal peptide (Cht1SP)- thanatin(S)-GFP construct was introduced in the plant |
Antifungal and antibacterial activity of Thanatin(S), antimicrobial peptide | [191] |
| 4. | Metabolic engineering/ overexpression |
Poplar spp. | MsrA2 (antimicrobial peptide) overexpression in the plant | Improved pathogen resistance | [192] |
| 5. | De novo designing of AMP and engineering in plant |
Nicotiana
benthamiana |
SPI-I (AMP) was designed and introduced in plant system | Antimicrobial function against pathogens | [193] |
| 6. | Plant transformation |
Oryza sativa | Plant transformation with cecropin A gene | Fungal and bacterial pathogen resistance | [194] |