Table 2.
Paper details identified from the systematic search with results for the genus Bifodobacterium as probiotics strains.
| Study | Country | N | Groups | Probiotics | Outcome | Clinical Relevance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bozkurt & Bilen, 2021 [26] |
Turkey | 44 | probiotic group (20) non-probiotic group (24) |
Bifidobacterium BB-12 | Reduction of hospitalization days; thorax resolution at 6 days and 3 weeks; reduction in IL-6 plasma levels. | Beneficial |
| Ceccarelli et al., 2020 [27] |
Italy | 200 | probiotic group (88) non-probiotic group (112) |
Sivomixx® containing Streptococcus thermophilus DSM 32245, Bifidobacterium lactis DSM 32246, Bifidobacterium lactis DSM 32247, Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 32241, Lactobacillus helveticus DSM 32242, Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 32243, Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 32244, and Lactobacillus brevis DSM 27961 | Significant reduction in the risk of death. | Beneficial |
| d’Ettorre et al., 2020 [28] |
Italy | 70 | probiotic group (28) non-probiotic group (42) |
Sivomixx® containing Streptococcus thermophilus DSM 32345, Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 32241, Lactobacillus helveticus DSM 32242 Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 32243, Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 32244, Lactobacillus brevis DSM 27961, Bifidobacterium lactis DSM 32246, and Bifidobacterium lactis DSM 32247 | Remission of diarrhea in almost all patients treated within 72 h, reduction in other symptoms, 8x lower risk of developing respiratory failure. | Beneficial |
| Ivashkin et al., 2021 [29] |
Russian | 202 | probiotic group (101) non-probiotic group (101) |
Florasan-D containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PDV 1705, Bifidobacterium bifidum PDV 0903, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis PDV 1911, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum PDV 2301 | Average reduction of two days in the duration of viral diarrhea and prevention of hospital-acquired diarrhea for patients receiving a single antibiotic. | Beneficial |
| Laterza et al., 2023 [30] |
Italy | 19 | post-COVID-19 patients (19) | VSL#3® (lot number 909031) containing Lactobacillus paracasei BP07, Lactobacillus plantarum BP06, Lactobacillus acidophilus BA05, Lactobacillus helveticus BD08 (previously identified as L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL03 (previously identified as B. longum), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BI04 (previously identified as B. infantis), Bifidobacterium breve BB02, and Streptococcus thermophilus BT01 | Significant reduction of IL-6, TNF-ALFA, IL-12RA, and citrulline. | Beneficial |
| Li et al., 2021 [31] |
China | 311 | probiotic group (123) non-probiotic group (188) |
Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Dung enterococcus, Bacillus cereus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus termófilos, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and Bacillus subtilis | No significant differences were observed. | No difference |
| Saviano et al., 2022 [32] |
Italy | 80 | probiotic group (40) non-probiotic group (40) |
Lactibiane Iki® containing Bifidobacterium lactis LA 304, Lactobacillus salivarius LA 302, and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA 201 | Lower values of fecal calprotectin, reduction of the inflammatory marker CRP, faster and continuous reduction needed for O2 support, and lower mean length of hospitalization. | Beneficial |