| AFM | atomic force microscopy |
| ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
| AMP | antimicrobial peptide |
| BCP | biphasic calcium phosphate |
| BG | bioglass |
| BMP2 | bone morphogenetic protein 2 |
| CF | carbon fibers |
| COX2 | cyclo-oxygenase 2 |
| DEX | dexamethasone |
| DPSCs | dental pulp stem cells |
| ECM | extracellular matrix elements |
| FEA | finite element analysis |
| GBR | guided bone regeneration |
| GO | graphene oxide |
| HAp | hydroxyapatite |
| HGF | human gingival fibroblast |
| OCNr | osteocalcin |
| OPN | osteopontin |
| OSX | osterix |
| PC | poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-chitosan |
| PCL | polycaprolactone |
| PDA | poly-dopamine |
| PEEK | polyetheretherketone |
| PGE2 | prostaglandin E2 |
| PTT | photothermal therapy |
| rGO | reduced graphene oxide |
| rBMSCs | rat bone mesenchymal stem cells |
| RUNX2 | runt-related transcription factor 2 |
| SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
| Ti | titanium |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| XRD | X-ray diffraction |
| Zr | zirconia |