Table 1.

List of fungi that produce melanin.

Fungi That Produce Melanin	Salient Findings Regarding Melanin	Reference
Amorphotheca resinae	The study examined melanin production from A. resinae, achieving 4.5 g/L in 14 days, with potent antioxidant properties and structural characterization via elemental analysis and spectroscopy.	[103]
Armillaria mellea	Isolated and characterized melanin from A. mellea rhizomorphs displayed antioxidant, light barrier, and antibacterial properties.	[56]
Aspergillus bridgeri	The study identified a melanin pigment from A. bridgeri, confirming its identity via FTIR and EPR spectroscopy, with potential applications in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.	[94]
Auricularia auricula	The study used a low-cost fermentation medium with wheat bran extract, L-tyrosine, and CuSO4 for melanin production in A. auricula.	[46]
Auricularia auricula	The study examined melanin production in A. auricula, finding the highest growth rates in low-carbon and carbon-free media and low yields in nitrogen-free media.	[86]
Apiosporina morbosa	The study revealed melanin extracted from A. morbosa, a pathogenic black knot fungus, with a 10% yield. This nitrogen-free allomelanin is low-cost and invasive, making it an alternative green source for UV light absorbers and antioxidants.	[108]
Aspergillus fumigatus	A. fumigatus, an immunosuppressed fungal pathogen, produces DHN melanin and alternative pyomelanin through a different pathway, confirming the identity as pyomelanin through the deletion of essential enzymes.	[109]
Aspergillus nidulans	The study identified a melanin-type pigment extracted from A. nidulans, revealing physical and chemical properties similar to synthetic DOPA-melanin. Tricyclazole and tropolone inhibit melanin production.	[100]
Chroogomphus rutilus	C. rutilus produces melanin with UV absorption, FTIR, and chemical reactions, offering potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.	[110]
Cryomyces antarcticus	The study found the potential of melanin from C. antarcticus in radioprotection research, offering potential applications in bioremediation and biomedical fields.	[62]
Exidia nigricans	The study investigated melanin from E. nigricans, focusing on its isolation, characterization, and color properties. Purified melanin showed better light properties and higher antioxidant activity.	[57]
Gliocephalotrichum simplex	UV, 13C, and 1H NMR spectra characterized an extracellular melanin pigment from G. simplex; tyrosine and peptone supplementation enhanced melanin production up to 6.6 g/L.	[48]
Humicolopsis cephalosporioides	The study investigated the environmental factors affecting chlamydospore differentiation and pigment biosynthesis in H. cephalosporoides, finding that temperature and light influence the development and melanization essential for survival in sub-Antarctica soils.	[106]
Inonotus hispidus	The study characterized I. hispidus melanin using solid-state fermentation and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, revealing its antioxidant activity.	[111]
Inonotus obliquus	I. obliquus studies showed increases melanin complex production under submerged conditions, with potential antioxidant and genoprotective effects.	[47]
Lachnum YM404	LEM404-A extracellular melanin exhibits a strong UV radiation activity, increasing bacterial survival rates against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	[112]
Lachnum singerianum	The microwave-assisted extraction of melanin from L. singerianum YM296 increased its yield by 11.08% and 40.43% compared to alkali and acid precipitation. LIM-a showed anti-aging activity in aged mice, enhancing body weight and reducing MDA levels.	[64]
Phoma sp. RDSE17	Phoma sp. RDSE17 melanin exhibits antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anticancer properties, with low nitrogen content and high DPPH-free radical-scavenging activity.	[53]
Phyllosticta capitalensis	P. capitalensis produces DHN-melanin, a pigment crucial for its survival in stressful environments, which was characterized via UV, IR, and ESR tests.	[67]
Pleurotus cystidiosus	The study identified melanin in edible P. cystidiosus mushrooms and black coremea produced by Antromycopsis macrocarpa.	[113]
Phomopsis	The pigment extracted from the endophyte Phomopsis was characterized to be a DOPA type of melanin.	[114]
Schizophyllum commune	Extracellular melanin from an S. commune mushroom fungus showed significant antibacterial, antifungal, and concentration-dependent HEP-2 inhibition.	[51]
Scleroderma citrinum	The study investigated the biological properties of raw and purified melanins from S. citrinum, finding that purified melanins have better light properties and antioxidant activity.	[58]
Spissiomyces endophytica	The study examined melanin production and characterization from S. endophytica using UV, FTIR, EPR, and chemical tests, revealing a low nitrogen content.	[49]